Wiktionary

吉

See also: 𠮷, 喆, 吿, 告, 古, 舌, and 舎
吉 U+5409, 吉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5409
← 合
[U+5408] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吊 →
[U+540A]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

吉 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土口 (GR), four-corner 40601, composition ⿱士口)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 175, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3289
  • Dae Jaweon: page 389, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 576, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5409

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 吉
alternative forms 𠮷

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 吉
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (吉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
秸 *kriːl, *kriːd
髻 *kiːds
夡 *kʰids
鴶 *kriːd
袺 *kriːd, *kiːd
頡 *kriːd, *ɡiːd
劼 *kʰriːd
硈 *kʰriːd
咭 *kʰriːd, *ɡlid, *qʰlid
黠 *ɡriːd
聐 *ŋreːd
趌 *ked, *klid, *kʰid, *ɡrid
結 *kiːd
拮 *kiːd, *klid
桔 *kiːd
狤 *kiːd, *klid, *ɡrid
擷 *qʰiːd, *ɡiːd
襭 *ɡiːd
翓 *ɡiːd
纈 *ɡiːd
吉 *klid
郆 *kid
詰 *kʰid
蛣 *kʰid
佶 *ɡlid, *ɡrid
鮚 *ɡrid
姞 *ɡrid
欯 *qʰlid
恄 *qʰlid

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kjit (“happy; pleased”) (STEDT). Also compare Tibetan སྐྱིད་པ (skyid pa, “to be happy”) and Burmese ချစ် (hkyac, “to love, to be pleased”) (Schuessler, 2007, Hill, 2019).

Cantonese sense of “empty” arises from avoidance of 空 (hung1), which is homophonous to 凶 (hung1, “inauspicious”).

The Taiwanese Chinese sense of “to sue” arises from avoidance of 告 (gào, “to sue”), which is a typo form of it.

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • Xiamen:
    • kiat - vernacular;
    • kit - literary.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 吉
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
    /t͡ɕi²⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
    Jinan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕi²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕji⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕi⁵³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕi¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕi²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕie³¹/
    /t͡ɕi³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
    Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
    Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕai²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕi⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕi²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /kit̚¹/
    Taoyuan /kit̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐt̚⁵/
    Nanning /kɐt̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /kɐt̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kit̚³²/
    /kiat̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɛiʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ki²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kik̚²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /kit̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 吉
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 眞 (48)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 居質切
    Baxter kjit
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kiɪt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kit̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kjet̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kit̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/kiĕt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kĭĕt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ki̯ĕt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ji
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gat1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 吉
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jí
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kjit ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.qi[t]/ (*C.q- > *k-, escaping palatalization)
    English auspicious

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 吉
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5692
    Phonetic
    component         		吉
    Rime
    group         		質
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		吉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*klid/
    Notes 甲文象供品在口表神佑吉利

    Definitions edit

    吉

    1. auspicious; lucky
      Antonym: 凶 (xiōng)
      吉利  ―  jílì  ―  auspicious; lucky
    2. good
    3. (Cantonese, euphemistic) empty
      橫掂有間房吉咗喺度，不如租畀人住啊。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      横掂有间房吉咗喺度，不如租畀人住啊。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      waang4 dim6 jau5 gaan1 fong4-2 gat1 zo2 hai2 dou6, bat1 jyu4 zou1 bei2 jan4 zyu6 aa1. [Jyutping]
      Since there's an empty room, why don't we rent it out?
      交吉卷 [Cantonese]  ―  gaau1 gat1 gyun2 [Jyutping]  ―  Hand out an unanswered (empty) exam paper
    4. (Cantonese, euphemistic) emptiness; nothingness
      勞碌一生得個吉 [Cantonese, trad.]
      劳碌一生得个吉 [Cantonese, simp.]
      lou4 luk1 jat1 sang1 dak1 go3 gat1 [Jyutping]
      A lifetime of laborious hardworking amounts to nothing
    5. Short for 吉林 (Jílín, “Jilin Province”).
    6. a surname
    7. (Taiwan, Internet slang) to accuse; to sue; to file a lawsuit; to press charges
      這我一定吉／这我一定吉  ―  zhè wǒ yīdìng jí  ―  I will definitely sue for this
    8. (～縣) Ji County (a county of Linfen, Shanxi, China)

    Synonyms edit

    Dialectal synonyms of 空 (“empty; void”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 空
    Mandarin Beijing 空
    Taiwan 空
    Jinan 空
    Xi'an 空
    Wuhan 空
    Chengdu 空
    Yangzhou 空
    Hefei 空
    Cantonese Guangzhou 空, 吉
    Hong Kong 空, 吉
    Taishan 空
    Yangjiang 空
    Gan Nanchang 空
    Hakka Meixian 空
    Jin Taiyuan 空
    Min Bei Jian'ou 空
    Min Dong Fuzhou 空
    Min Nan Xiamen 空
    Quanzhou 空
    Zhangzhou 空
    Tainan 空
    Chaozhou 空
    Jieyang 空
    Wu Suzhou 空
    Wenzhou 空
    Xiang Changsha 空
    Shuangfeng 空

    Descendants edit

    • → English: Ji

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    吉

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    吉
    きち
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    Alternative forms edit

    Noun edit

    吉(きち) • (kichi) 

    1. good luck

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    吉
    きつ
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    Noun edit

    吉(きつ) • (kitsu) 

    1. Alternative form of 吉 (kichi, “good luck”)

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    吉 (eumhun 길할 길 (gilhal gil))

    1. Hanja form? of 길 (“luck”).

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    吉: Hán Việt readings: cát[1][2][3][4][5][6]
    吉: Nôm readings: kiết[1][2]

    1. chữ Hán form of cát (“auspicious, lucky”).

    References edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Génibrel (1898).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bonet (1899).
    3. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
    4. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
    5. ^ Trần (1999).
    6. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=吉&oldid=76156045"