Wiktionary

否

See also: 咅 and 杏
否 U+5426, 否
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5426
← 吥
[U+5425] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吧 →
[U+5427]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

否 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一火口 (MFR), four-corner 10609, composition ⿱不口)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 178, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3340
  • Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 586, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5426

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 否
alternative forms 𠲎 Northern Wu
𠳝 Northern Wu

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (不) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
肧 *pʰlɯː, *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː
俖 *pʰɯːʔ
娝 *prɯʔ
痞 *prɯʔ, *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ
丕 *pʰrɯ
伾 *pʰrɯ
秠 *pʰrɯ, *pʰrɯʔ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ
駓 *pʰrɯ
怌 *pʰrɯ
豾 *pʰrɯ
髬 *pʰrɯ
魾 *pʰrɯ, *brɯ
鉟 *pʰrɯ, *brɯ
嚭 *pʰrɯʔ
邳 *brɯ
岯 *brɯ
否 *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ
抔 *bɯ, *pʰlɯː
不 *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ'
紑 *pɯ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ
鴀 *pɯ, *pɯʔ
衃 *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː
罘 *bɯ
芣 *bɯ
杯 *plɯː
盃 *plɯː
桮 *pɯː
坯 *pʰɯː
胚 *pʰɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ): phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).

Etymology 1Edit

See etymology of 不.

PronunciationEdit

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 否
Mandarin Beijing /fou²¹⁴/
Harbin /fau²¹³/
/fou²¹³/
Tianjin /fou¹³/
Jinan /fɔ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /fɔ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /fu⁵³/
Xi'an /fu⁵³/
Xining /fv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /fu⁵³/
Lanzhou /fu⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /fu⁵¹/
Wuhan /fəu⁴²/
Chengdu /fo⁵³/
/fəu⁵³/
Guiyang /fu⁴²/
Kunming /fəu⁵³/
Nanjing /fəi²¹²/
Hefei /fʊ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /fu⁵³/
Pingyao
Hohhot /fu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /fɤ³⁵/
Suzhou /fɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /fei⁵³/
Wenzhou /fɜ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /fo³⁵/
Tunxi /fo³¹/
Xiang Changsha /xəu⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɸəɯ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /fɛu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /feu³¹/
Taoyuan /feu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐu³⁵/
Nanning /fɐu³⁵/
Hong Kong /fɐu³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hɔ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /pʰeu³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pʰe²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hõu⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /fɔu²¹³/
Rime
Character 否
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方久切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/piuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puwX/
Li
Rong 		/piuX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 否
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pəʔ/
English not

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 否
Reading # 2/2
No. 1028
Phonetic
component 		不
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		缶
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

否

  1. nay; no; negative
  2. not
  3. final interrogative particle
Usage notesEdit

否 (fǒu) is the form taken by 不 (bù) when the verb which it negates is omitted (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 104).

CompoundsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • phí - literary;
  • pháiⁿ/phái - vernacular (usually written as 歹).
Note:
  • pi2 - literary;
  • pai2 - vernacular (usually written as 痞).
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 否
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 脂 (17)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 符鄙切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bˠiɪX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/bᵚiX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biɪX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/bjiX/
    Li
    Rong         		/bjiX/
    Wang
    Li         		/biX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/bʱiX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		bei6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 否
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 1022
    Phonetic
    component         		不
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		否
    Old
    Chinese         		/*brɯʔ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    否

    1. † to block; to obstruct
    2. † to denounce; to censure
    3. † to become extinct
    4. † poverty-stricken; poor
    5. † evil; vile
    6. † Alternative form of 鄙 (bǐ, “superficial; shallow”).
    7. † Alternative form of 痞 (pǐ, “lump in the abdomen”).
    8. 12th hexagram of the I Ching

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    否

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. no
    2. negate

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    否
    いな
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 否 – see the following entry.
    【いな】
    [interjection] no
    [noun] nay, no
    [noun] (uncommon, perhaps archaic) a river snail
    (This term, 否, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    否
    ひ
    Grade: 6
    on’yomi

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    否(ひ) • (hi) 

    1. no

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    否 (eumhun 아닐 부 (anil bu))

    1. Hanja form? of 부 (“not, no, negative”).

    否 (eumhun 막힐 비 (makhil bi))

    1. Hanja form? of 비 (“obstruct, block”).

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    否: Hán Nôm readings: bĩ, phủ, phầu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    ReadingsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
    • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
    • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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