See also:
U+55AA, 喪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55AA

[U+55A9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+55AB]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 30, +9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土口口女 (GRRV), four-corner 40732, composition ⿱⿻𠄌丿(GJKV) or ⿸⿱⿻𠄌丿(HT))

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 200, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3985
  • Dae Jaweon: page 421, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 650, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+55AA

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ) : phonetic (OC *sŋaːŋ, mulberry tree) + semantic (many mouths). The number of mouths frequently varied. Sometimes (“run”) was included as a semantic component, and later (OC *maŋ, “die”) was added as a phonetic (and also possibly semantic) component.

In the seal script became ideogrammic compound (會意会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ) : semantic (cry) + phonetic (OC *maŋ, die), from which the modern form derives.

Compare and , which may be derived from or originally the same character as 喪.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (not). Cognate with (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”). The level-toned pronunciation has a nominal prefix *s-, lit. "circumstances associated with disappearance (death)", whereas the departing-toned pronunciation has a formally identical causative prefix *s- and an exoactive suffix *-s, lit. "to cause to disappear".

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • song - literary;
  • sng - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (16)
Final () (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter sang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/sɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/sɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/sɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/saŋ/
Li
Rong
/sɑŋ/
Wang
Li
/sɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/sɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
sāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
song1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
sāng
Middle
Chinese
‹ sang ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-mˁaŋ/
English mourning, burial

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 12661
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*smaːŋ/

Definitions

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  1. mourning; funeral ceremony
  2. corpse; dead body
  3. misfortune; misadventure
  4. to mourn; to be in mourning
  5. to grieve over the death of

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (そう) ()
  • Korean: 상(喪) (sang)
  • Vietnamese: tang ()

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (16)
Final () (101)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter sangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/sɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/sɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/sɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/saŋH/
Li
Rong
/sɑŋH/
Wang
Li
/sɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/sɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
sàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
song3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
sàng
Middle
Chinese
‹ sangH ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-mˁaŋ-s/
English lose; destroy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 12660
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*smaːŋs/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. to forfeit; to lose; to be deprived of
  2. to die; to pass away
  3. to be defeated; to be destroyed; to perish
  4. to escape; to flee
  5. to forget; to fail to remember
  6. to be discouraged; to lose heart
  7. (Hong Kong Cantonese) wildly; extremely

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. mourning
  2. loss

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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() (mo

  1. mourning
  2. calamity; misfortune

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
そう
Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(そう) (さう (sau)?

  1. mourning

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(sang) (hangeul , revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: tang, táng, tảng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.