堄

堄 U+5804, 堄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5804 ← 堃 [U+5803] CJK Unified Ideographs 堅 → [U+5805]

Translingual

Han character

堄 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土竹難山 (GHXU), four-corner 4711₇, composition ⿰土兒)

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 232, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5209
• Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 454, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5804

Chinese

simp. and trad.		堄

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (兒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
掜	*rŋeː, *ŋeːʔ
誽	*rŋeː
倪	*ŋeː
蜺	*ŋeː, *ŋeː
霓	*ŋeː, *ŋeːs, *ŋeː
郳	*ŋeː
齯	*ŋeː
婗	*ŋeː
輗	*ŋeː
棿	*ŋeː
猊	*ŋeː
麑	*ŋeː
貎	*ŋeː
鯢	*ŋeː
兒	*ŋeː, *ŋje
觬	*ŋeː, *ŋeːʔ
堄	*ŋeːʔ, *ŋeːs
晲	*ŋeːʔ
睨	*ŋeːs
唲	*ŋje
隉	*ŋeːd
鶂	*ŋeːɡ
鬩	*ɦŋeːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːʔ, *ŋeːs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 兒 (OC *ŋeː, *ŋje).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nì (ni⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁴, ai⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gí

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nì
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nì
    • Wade–Giles: ni⁴
    • Yale: nì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
    • Palladius: ни (ni)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngai⁴, ai⁶
    • Yale: ngàih, aih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁴, ai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁴, ei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²¹/, /ɐi̯²²/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gí
    • Tâi-lô: gí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡi⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngejX, ngejH

Rime
Character	堄	堄
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	研啓切	五計切
Baxter	ngejX	ngejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋeiX/	/ŋeiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋeiX/	/ŋeiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɛiX/	/ŋɛiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɛjX/	/ŋɛjH/
Li Rong	/ŋeiX/	/ŋeiH/
Wang Li	/ŋieiX/	/ŋieiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋieiX/	/ŋieiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐ	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngai5	ngai6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋeːʔ/, /*ŋeːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堄	堄
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	2750	2755
Phonetic component	兒	兒
Rime group	支	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	堄	詣
Old Chinese	/*ŋeːʔ/	/*ŋeːs/
Notes	見漢簡	見漢簡

Definitions

堄

1. Used in 埤堄.
2. (Xiamen Hokkien) to pile up; to stack up

   Synonym: 摞

References

• “堄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 1), p. 87

Japanese

Kanji

堄

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): げん (gen)
• Kun: ひめがき (himegaki)