Wiktionary

壤

See also: 壌
壤 U+58E4, 壤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58E4
← 壣
[U+58E3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 壥 →
[U+58E5]

Translingual edit

Japanese 壌
Simplified 壤
Traditional 壤

Han character edit

壤 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 土卜口女 (GYRV), four-corner 40132, composition ⿰土襄)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 242, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5608
  • Dae Jaweon: page 482, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 501, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+58E4

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (襄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
囊 *naːŋ
蠰 *naːŋ, *sraŋ, *hnjaŋs, *njaŋʔ
曩 *naːŋʔ
灢 *naːŋʔ, *naːŋs
儾 *naːŋs
孃 *naŋ, *njaŋ
瓤 *naŋ, *njaŋ
鑲 *naŋ, *njaŋ
釀 *naŋs
瓖 *snaŋ, *snaŋ
驤 *snaŋ
襄 *snaŋ
纕 *snaŋ
忀 *snaŋ
欀 *snaŋ, *njaŋs
饟 *hnjaŋ, *hnjaŋʔ, *hnjaŋs
攘 *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs
禳 *njaŋ
穰 *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ
躟 *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ
瀼 *njaŋ
獽 *njaŋ
儴 *njaŋ
蘘 *njaŋ
鬤 *njaŋ, *rnaːŋ
勷 *njaŋ
壤 *njaŋʔ
嚷 *njaŋʔ
讓 *njaŋs
懹 *njaŋs
攮 *rnoːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njaŋʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth, dirt”) + phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ).

Pronunciation 1 edit

simp. and trad.
 壤
2nd round simp. 圵

Rime
Character 壤
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 如兩切
Baxter nyangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵɨɐŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵiɐŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑiɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵɨaŋX/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiaŋX/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭaŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯aŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rǎng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		joeng5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 壤
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rǎng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyangX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*naŋʔ/
English cultivated soil

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 壤
Reading # 1/1
No. 13643
Phonetic
component 		襄
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		壤
Old
Chinese 		/*njaŋʔ/

Definitions edit

壤

  1. (soft) soil
  2. land; ground
  3. earth (as opposed to heaven)
  4. region; area
  5. (historical) wooden stick used in an ancient game

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

simp. and trad.
 壤

Definitions edit

壤

  1. Alternative form of 穰 (“plentiful harvest”)

References edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai

壌

Kyūjitai

壤

Kanji edit

壤

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 壌)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 壤 (MC nyangX).

Historical readings

Pronunciation edit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ja̠(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [양(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

壤 (eumhun 흙 양 (heuk yang))

  1. Hanja form? of 양 (“soil”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

壤: Hán Nôm readings: nhưỡng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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