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U+592B, 夫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-592B

[U+592A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+592C]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

(Kangxi radical 37, +1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 手人 (QO), four-corner 50030, composition or )

See alsoEdit

  • (top simplified from 竝 and 兟)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 248, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5835
  • Dae Jaweon: page 507, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 521, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+592B

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       

Ideogrammic compound (會意): (man) + (hairpin) – a man with a hairpin in his hair.

In ancient times, when men reached the age of 20, they bound their hair with a hairpin during the Guan Li ceremony. The hairpin is the sign of “a grownup man”.

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷa (male, father, third-person pronoun). Cognate with Tibetan ཕ། (pha, father), Burmese (bha., father). Possibly related to (OC *paʔ, *baʔ, “father”).

PronunciationEdit


Note:
  • hŭ - literary;
  • buŏ - vernacular.
  • Min Nan
  • Note:
    • hu - literary;
    • po͘ - vernacular.
    Note:
    • hu1 - literary;
    • bou1 - vernacular.
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (1)
    Final () (24)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter pju
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /pɨo/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /pio/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /pio/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /puə̆/
    Li
    Rong
    /pio/
    Wang
    Li
    /pĭu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /pi̯u/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fu1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ pju ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*p(r)a/
    English man

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 3274
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*pa/

    DefinitionsEdit

    1. male adult; man
    2. husband
        ―  qián  ―  ex-husband
        ―    ―  married couple
    3. manual worker
        ―  nóng  ―  peasant
        ―    ―  fisherman
    4. conscripted laborer
    SynonymsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    DescendantsEdit

    • Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pʰuəᴬ

    Etymology 2Edit

    “That”. Schuessler (2007) connects this with Proto-Loloish *m-ba (“on the other side”), Tibetan (pha, beyond, farther on, onward). Maybe related to (OC *pralʔ, “that”).

    In the sense "is it not?", probably a contraction of (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') and (OC *ɢaː) (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 145).

    PronunciationEdit


    Note: hu7 - sentence-final..

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (3)
    Final () (24)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter bju
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /bɨo/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /bio/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /bio/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /buə̆/
    Li
    Rong
    /bio/
    Wang
    Li
    /bĭu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /bʱi̯u/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fu4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/3 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ bju › ‹ bju ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[b]a/ /*ba/
    English this, that final particle

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 3281
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ba/

    DefinitionsEdit

    1. A generic personal pronoun – he; she; it; they.
    2. A generic demonstrative pronoun – this; that; these; those.
    3. Sentence-initial particle which introduces a topic.
    4. Sentence-final particle, meaning “Is it not?”.
    5. Meaningless particle in the middle of a sentence.
    SynonymsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 3Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
    (This character, , is the second-round simplified form of .)
    Notes:

    Etymology 4Edit

    Short for 夫佬 (fu1 lou2).

    PronunciationEdit

    DefinitionsEdit

    1. (Cantonese, informal, card games) full house

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. man
    2. husband
    3. that, those

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    おっと
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    Shift from older unattested 男人 (wofito), synchronically analyzable as a compound of (wo → o, male, man) +‎ (fito → hito, person).[1][2][3]

    Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *wopitə, with many Ryukyuan cognates.

    First attested in roughly 1220.[1]

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (おっと) (ottoをつと (wotuto)?

    1. [from 1220] husband

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    つま
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling

    From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712.[6]

    Cognate with (tsuma, edge, side of something), from the sense of "person by one's side".[6][2]

    Generally spelled in reference to a husband and in reference to a wife.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (つま) (tsuma

    1. [from 712] spouse, consort
      Coordinate terms: (tsuma, wife), (otto, husband)
    Usage notesEdit

    In modern usage, the term tsuma is usually reserved for the sense wife, and is therefore spelled in kanji, while husband is usually expressed using the term (otto).[5]

    ReferencesEdit

    1. 1.0 1.1 夫・良人・所天”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
    2. 2.0 2.1 ”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen)[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
    3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. 4.0 4.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    6. 6.0 6.1 妻・夫”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese (MC pɨo). Recorded as Middle Korean (pwu) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 사나이 (sanai bu))

    1. Hanja form? of (man; husband).

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [5]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    : Hán Nôm readings: phu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.