姦
TranslingualEdit
EtymologyEdit
| Historical forms of the character 姦
|
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|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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 |
 |
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Han characterEdit
姦 (radical 38 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女女女 (VVV), four-corner 40444, composition ⿱女奻)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 260, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6217
- Dae Jaweon: page 526, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1048, character 10
- Unihan data for U+59E6
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 姦 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 奸 | |
PronunciationEdit
Note: This character is used as a substitute for Min Nan kàn, which may be etymologically unrelated.
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
- Wade-Giles: chien1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gaan1
- Yale: gāan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaan1
- IPA (key): /kɑːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên
- Hakka Romanization System: gien´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- IPA: /ki̯en²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân
- Hakka Romanization System: gian´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- IPA: /ki̯an²⁴/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan / kàn
- Tâi-lô: kan / kàn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kafn, kaxn
- IPA (Taipei): /kan⁴⁴/, /kan¹¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴/, /kan²¹/
- (Hokkien)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 姦 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕian²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕiã²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕiã²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕian²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕiã²¹/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕiɛ̃n³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕiɛ̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡ɕien³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕiĩ²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕie¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕiɑŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕie³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ke⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡ɕiɪ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡ɕiẽ̞³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ka³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕie³¹/ /kɛ³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /kɔ¹¹/ 強～ /t͡siɛ¹¹/ ～賊 |
|
| Xiang | Changsha | /kan³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /kan³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kan⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kian⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /kien²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kan⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /kan⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kan⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /kan⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /kaiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /kaŋ³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /kaŋ²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 姦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (69) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古顔切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kˠan/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kᵚan/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kaɨn/ |
| Li Rong |
/kan/ |
| Wang Li |
/kan/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kan/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jiān |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 姦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jiān |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kæn › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[k]ˤran/ |
| English | wicked(ness) |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 姦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6027 |
| Phonetic component |
姦 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
姦 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kraːn/ |
DefinitionsEdit
姦
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
姦
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
|
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 姦 |
| かん Hyōgaiji |
| on'yomi |
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 姦 (kæn).
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
AdjectiveEdit
姦 (-na inflection, hiragana かん, romaji kan)
InflectionEdit
Inflection of "姦な"
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 姦だろ | かんだろ | kan daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 姦で | かんで | kan de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 姦だ | かんだ | kan da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 姦な | かんな | kan na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 姦なら | かんなら | kan nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 姦であれ | かんであれ | kan de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 姦ではない 姦じゃない |
かんではない かんじゃない |
kan de wa nai kan ja nai |
| Informal past | 姦だった | かんだった | kan datta |
| Informal negative past | 姦ではなかった 姦じゃなかった |
かんではなかった かんじゃなかった |
kan de wa nakatta kan ja nakatta |
| Formal | 姦です | かんです | kan desu |
| Formal negative | 姦ではありません 姦じゃありません |
かんではありません かんじゃありません |
kan de wa arimasen kan ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 姦でした | かんでした | kan deshita |
| Formal negative past | 姦ではありませんでした 姦じゃありませんでした |
かんではありませんでした かんじゃありませんでした |
kan de wa arimasen deshita kan ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 姦で | かんで | kan de |
| Conditional | 姦なら（ば） | かんなら（ば） | kan nara(ba) |
| Provisional | 姦だったら | かんだったら | kan dattara |
| Volitional | 姦だろう | かんだろう | kan darō |
| Adverbial | 姦に | かんに | kan ni |
| Degree | 姦さ | かんさ | kansa |
NounEdit
- wickedness, wicked person
ReferencesEdit
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
姦 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune-Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
CompoundsEdit
- 수간 (獸姦, sugan, “bestiality (sexual activity)”)
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
姦 (gian)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.