威

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Japan (Swap strokes 9 and 8 for Taiwan.)

Han characterEdit

威 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹一女 (IHMV), four-corner 5320₀, composition ⿵戌女)

Derived charactersEdit

𠋘, 喴, 㙎, 媙, 𫶆, 揻, 𣸵, 隇, 𮞩, 楲, 𥔃, 縅, 𦩬, 蝛, 𨩆, 鰄, 𨜠, 𦞏, 崴, 葳, 𬕚

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 261, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6259
Dae Jaweon: page 527, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1404, character 1
Unihan data for U+5A01

ChineseEdit

trad.		威
simp. ^#		威

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 威
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (威) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
崴	*qruːl
威	*qul
葳	*qul
隇	*qul
蝛	*qul
鰄	*qul
楲	*qul

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 戌 + 女.

EtymologyEdit

畏 (OC *quls, “to fear”) is the exoactive derivation of 威 (OC *qul, “to overawe”), literally "to be intimated" (Schuessler, 2007). In early writing, the character for 畏 was sometimes used directly as a substitute of 威 (wēi) (e.g. in the Da Yu ding inscription).

鬼 (OC *kulʔ, “ghost”) is a derivation (Baxter and Sagart, 1998).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wēi (wei¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟ

(Chengdu, SP): wei¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wai¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): vei¹
Gan (Wiktionary): ui¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): vî

(Meixian, Guangdong): vi¹
Jin (Wiktionary): vei¹
Min Bei (KCR): ṳ́
Min Dong (BUC): ŭi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ui

(Teochew, Peng'im): ui¹
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹ue
Xiang (Wiktionary): uei¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wēi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wei
  - Wade–Giles: wei¹
  - Yale: wēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uei
  - Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: wei¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uei⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wai¹
  - Yale: wāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: vei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vei³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ui¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vî
  - Hakka Romanization System: vi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /vi²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: vi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ʋi⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: vei¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /vei¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ́
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ŭi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ui
  - Tâi-lô: ui
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uy
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ui³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ui¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ¹ue
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɯe̞⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: uei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ue̞i³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 威
Mandarin	Beijing	/uei⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/uei⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/vei²¹/
	Jinan	/vei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ve²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/uei²⁴/
	Xi'an	/uei²¹/
	Xining	/uɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/vei⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/vei³¹/
	Ürümqi	/vei⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/uei⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/uei⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/uei⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/uei⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/uəi³¹/
	Hefei	/ue²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/vei¹¹/
	Pingyao	/uei¹³/
	Hohhot	/vei³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ue⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ue̞⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ʔui³³/
	Wenzhou	/v̠u³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ue³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/ue¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/uei³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/uəi³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ui⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/vi⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/vui²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wɐi⁵³/
	Nanning	/wɐi⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/wɐi⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ui⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/uoi⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/y⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ui³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ui²³/ /ui³⁵/ 俗

Middle Chinese: /ʔʉi/

Rime
Character	威
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於非切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉi/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷɨi/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuəi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuj/
Li Rong	/ʔiuəi/
Wang Li	/ĭwəi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔwe̯i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wēi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wai¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔuj/

(Zhengzhang): /*qul/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	威
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wēi
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjwɨj ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔuj/
English	awe-inspiring
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	威
Reading #	1/1
No.	12789
Phonetic component	威
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	威
Old Chinese	/*qul/

DefinitionsEdit

威

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 威

不怒自威
伊威
伏威
作威作福 (zuòwēizuòfú)
作福作威
兵威 (bīngwēi)
助威 (zhùwēi)
南威
史迪威 (Shǐdíwēi)
喊堂威
夏威夷 (Xiàwēiyí)
夏威夷州
天威 (tiānwēi)
威信 (wēixìn)
威力 (wēilì)
威名 (wēimíng)
威士忌 (wēishìjì)
威尼斯 (Wēinísī)
威廉 (Wēilián)
威德兼施
威悉河
威振天下
威服
威望 (wēiwàng)
威武 (wēiwǔ)
威武不屈
威海 (Wēihǎi)
威猛
威福 (wēifú)
威福由己
威福自己
威而不猛
威蕤
威迫 (wēipò)
威逼 (wēibī)
威重
威震 (wēizhèn)
威震八方
威震天下
威震寰宇
宣威 (Xuānwēi)
挪威 (Nuówēi)
振威
擅作威福
施威
明威
杜威
格林威治 (Gélínwēizhì)
武威 (Wǔwēi)
海明威 (hǎimíngwēi)
淫威 (yínwēi)

狐假虎威 (hújiǎhǔwēi)
狐虎之威
皇威 (huángwēi)
示威 (shìwēi)
神威 (shénwēi)
科威特 (Kēwēitè)
立威
草木知威
虎威 (hǔwēi)
虎威狐假
蛜威
褚威格
赫斯之威
辛巴威 (Xīnbāwēi)
雄威
雌威
霜威
下車作威／下车作威
下馬威／下马威 (xiàmǎwēi)
備受威脅／备受威胁
克倫威爾／克伦威尔
八面威風／八面威风 (bāmiàn-wēifēng)
國威／国威 (guówēi)
地牛發威／地牛发威
大發神威／大发神威
大顯威風／大显威风
奮威／奋威 (fènwēi)
奮武揚威／奋武扬威
威信掃地／威信扫地
威儀／威仪 (wēiyí)
威儀孔時／威仪孔时
威克島／威克岛 (Wēikè Dǎo)
威勢／威势 (wēishì)
威化餅／威化饼 (wēihuàbǐng)
威嚇／威吓 (wēihè)
威嚴／威严 (wēiyán)
威妥瑪式／威妥玛式
威權／威权 (wēiquán)
威海衛／威海卫 (Wēihǎiwèi)
威澤／威泽
威爾瑪／威尔玛
威爾遜／威尔逊 (Wēi'ěrxùn)
威瑪憲法／威玛宪法
威稜／威棱 (wēiléng)
威聲／威声
威脅／威胁 (wēixié)
威脅利誘／威胁利诱
威逼利誘／威逼利诱 (wēibīlìyòu)
威靈／威灵
威靈頓／威灵顿 (Wēilíngdùn)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

威

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: い (i, Jōyō)^{←ゐ (wi, historical)}
Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)^{←ゐ (wi, historical)}
Kun: おどす (odosu, 威す); おどし (odoshi, 威し); おどかす (odokasu, 威かす)
Nanori: いさ (isa); たけ (take); たけし (takeshi)

EtymologyEdit

Kanji in this term
威
い Grade: S
on’yomi

/wi/ → /i/

From Middle Chinese 威 (MC ʔʉi).

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) い [íꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [i]

NounEdit

威(い) • (i) ^{←ゐ (wi)^?}

power; might; strength; authority

AffixEdit

威(い) • (i) ^{←ゐ (wi)^?}

power; might; strength; authority; dignity; majesty

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

威(い)力(りょく) (iryoku): power, might
威(い)勢(せい) (isei): spirits, power
威(い)張(ば)る (ibaru): put on airs, boast
権(けん)威(い) (ken'i): authority, power
示(じ)威(い) (jii): show of force
猛(もう)威(い) (mōi): fierceness, fury
球(きゅう)威(い)の有(あ)る投(とう)球(きゅう) (kyūi no aru tōkyū): powerful delivery
威(い)厳(げん) (igen): solemn dignity
威(い)風(ふう) (ifū): majesty, dignity
威(い)容(よう) (iyō): dignified appearance
威(い)儀(ぎ) (igi): dignity, dignified manner
威(い)信(しん) (ishin): prestige, dignity
威(い)圧(あつ) (iatsu): coercion, high-handedness
威(い)嚇(かく) (ikaku): intimidate, threaten
脅(きょう)威(い) (kyōi): threat, menace

ReferencesEdit

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

威 (eumhun 위엄 위 (wieom wi))

dignity

CompoundsEdit

위화도회군 (威化島回軍, wihwadohoegun)

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

威: Hán Nôm readings: uy, oai

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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