孟

See also: 盂

孟	U+5B5F, 孟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B5F

← 孞
[U+5B5E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

孠 →
[U+5B60]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

孟 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓木月廿 (NDBT), four-corner 1710₇, composition ⿱子皿)

Derived characters edit

𠗠, 𠵼, 𡝹, 𢛴, 掹, 𬈂, 猛, 𣓶, 𪹁, 𤗖, 𤦕, 䁅, 𮃑, 𥺬, 𦁧, 艋, 蜢, 𧩌, 錳, 鯭, 勐, 䓝, 𤷪

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 278, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6960
Dae Jaweon: page 546, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1013, character 3
Unihan data for U+5B5F

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		孟
alternative forms		𥁪

Wikipedia has articles on:

孟姓 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Meng (surname) (English)

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (皿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
猛	*mraːŋʔ
艋	*mraːŋʔ
蜢	*mraːŋʔ
皿	*maŋʔ
孟	*mraːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːŋs) : semantic 子 (“child; son”) + phonetic 皿 (OC *maŋʔ)

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *maŋ (“big; old; elder (brother, uncle)”); cognate with Anong ʈhi³¹ mɑŋ³¹ (“old; elderly”), Drung tvmvng (“elder sibling”), Burmese မင်း (mang:, “monarch; king”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Likely related to 兄 (OC *hmraŋ, “older brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT). Perhaps also related to 芒 (OC *maːŋ, *maŋ, “great; extensive”) and 荒 (OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs, “vast; excessive; senile”) (Sagart, 1999; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mèng (meng⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mong⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): maang⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): mang⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): men⁵ / mung⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): men

(Meixian, Guangdong): mên⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): meng³
Northern Min (KCR): māing
Eastern Min (BUC): mâing
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bēng / béng

(Teochew, Peng'im): mêng⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶man
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mong⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mèng
  - Wade–Giles: mêng⁴
  - Yale: mèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: menq
  - Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: mong⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /moŋ²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: maang⁶
  - Yale: maahng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maang⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: mang⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːŋ²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: mang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbaŋ³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: men⁵ / mung⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛn¹¹/, /muŋ¹¹/

Note:

men5 - vernacular;
mung5 - literary.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: men
  - Hakka Romanization System: men
  - Hagfa Pinyim: men⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /men⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mên⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /mɛn⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: meng³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /mə̃ŋ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: māing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mâing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maiŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Nan'an, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bēng
  - Tâi-lô: bīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: beng
  - IPA (Klang): /beŋ³¹/
  - IPA (Nan'an): /biɪŋ³¹/
  - IPA (Changtai): /beŋ²²/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /bɛŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: béng
  - Tâi-lô: bíng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: beang
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /biɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Yongchun, Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /beŋ⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /meŋ³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶man
  - MiniDict: man^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³man
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mã²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: mong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /mʊŋ⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /mən⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 孟
Mandarin	Beijing	/məŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/məŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/məŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/məŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/məŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/məŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/məŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/mə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/məŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/mə̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/mɤŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/moŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/moŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/moŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/moŋ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/mən⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/məŋ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/məŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/məŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/mə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/mã²³/
	Suzhou	/mã³¹/
	Hangzhou	/moŋ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/miɛ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/mʌ̃²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/man¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/moŋ⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/mən⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/mɛn²¹/ /muŋ²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/men⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/men⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/maŋ²²/
	Nanning	/mɐŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/maŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/biŋ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/maiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/maiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/meŋ³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/moŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: maengH

Rime
Character	孟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	莫更切
Baxter	maengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/maŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/mɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/mɐŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/mɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mang⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤraŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mèng
Middle Chinese	‹ mæng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁraŋ-s/
English	eldest, great
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.