學
 | ||||||||
| ||||||||
TranslingualEdit
| Japanese | 学 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 学 |
| Traditional | 學 |
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Stroke order (alternative) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han characterEdit
學 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹月弓木 (HBND), four-corner 77407, composition ⿱𦥯子)
Derived charactersEdit
Related charactersEdit
- 学 (Japanese shinjitai and Simplified Chinese)
Further readingEdit
- KangXi: page 280, character 28
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7033
- Dae Jaweon: page 549, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1019, character 11
- Unihan data for U+5B78
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 學 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 学* | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 學 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意): abbreviated 敎 (“to teach”) + 𦥑 (“mingling hands; hands-on learning”) + 宀 (“house; roofed building”) – a child learns in a roofed place. See 敎／教 for more.
In the modern form, 宀 has corrupted to 冖 (“cover”), and the hands 𦥑 around the 爻 have become connected with the roof 冖 on top of the child 子. Ancient forms include 斆 and 斅, which preserve more of 敎. Shuowen regards 𦥑 as the phonetic component in the character, which may be true according to some Old Chinese reconstructions such as that of Pan Wuyun's, though probably not others.
The earliest oracle bone script forms may be a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡruːɡ): semantic 爻 + phonetic 六 (OC *ruɡ).
EtymologyEdit
May be an endopassive derivation of 覺 (OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ, “to awake, get insight”). Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“to rouse; to awaken; to disturb”).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
學
- † to comprehend; to realise; to understand
- (transitive) to learn; to study
- to imitate; to copy; to mimic
- school
- learning; knowledge
- theory; doctrine
- subject; branch of learning; science; -ology
SynonymsEdit
- 學習／学习 (xuéxí, “to study, to learn”)
- 讀書／读书 (dúshū, “to study”)
- 念書／念书 (niànshū, “(colloquial) to study”)
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
學
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 斆／敩 (xiào, “to teach; to instruct; to train”).
- 魯人有因子墨子而學其子者，其子戰而死，其父讓子墨子。子墨子曰：「子欲學子之子，今學成矣，戰而死，而子慍。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mozi, circa 4th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version
- Lǔ rén yǒu yīn Zǐ Mòzǐ ér xiào qí zǐ zhě, qí zǐ zhàn ér sǐ, qí fù ràng Zǐ Mòzǐ. Zǐ Mòzǐ yuē: “Zǐ yù xiào zǐ zhī zǐ, jīn xuéchéng yǐ, zhàn ér sǐ, ér zǐ yùn.” [Pinyin]
- There was a man in Lu who sent his son to Mozi to study. The son perished in a battle. The father blamed Mozi for it. Mozi said: "You wanted to have your son trained. Now he had completed his training and died in battle. And you become sore."
鲁人有因子墨子而学其子者，其子战而死，其父让子墨子。子墨子曰：“子欲学子之子，今学成矣，战而死，而子愠。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 凡學世子及學士，必時。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, circa 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Fán xiào shìzǐ jí xiào shì, bì shí. [Pinyin]
- In teaching the heir-sons and young men, the subjects were different at different seasons.
凡学世子及学士，必时。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 《兌命》曰：「學學半。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, circa 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- “Yuèmìng” yuē: “Xiào xué bàn.” [Pinyin]
- It is said in the Charge to Yue, "Teaching is the half of learning."
《兑命》曰：“学学半。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
ReferencesEdit
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01001
- “學”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #11643”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
| 学 | |
| 學 |
KanjiEdit
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 学)
ReadingsEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 學 (MC ɦˠʌk̚).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅘᅡᆨ〮 (Yale: hhák) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | ᄇᆡ홀 (Yale: poyhwol) | ᄒᆞᆨ (Yale: hok) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [학]
HanjaEdit
- Hanja form? of 학 (“to learn, to study; to be taught”). [affix]
- Hanja form? of 학 (“-logy, -ics, -graphy, study of...”). [suffix]
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
學: Hán Việt readings: học[1][2][3][4][5]
學: Nôm readings: học[1][2][3][4][6], hục[3]
- chữ Hán form of học (“to learn, to study”).
- chữ Hán form of học (“(suffix) subject; branch of learning; -ology”).