家族

Chinese edit

		home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools	race; nationality; ethnicity race; nationality; ethnicity; clan
trad. (家族)		家	族
simp. ^#(家族)		家	族

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiāzú

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚㄗㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa¹ zuk⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâ-chhu̍k
Eastern Min (BUC): gă-cŭk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ka-cho̍k / kee-cho̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): gê¹ zog⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹cia-zoq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāzú
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚㄗㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiazú
  - Wade–Giles: chia¹-tsu²
  - Yale: jyā-dzú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiatzwu
  - Palladius: цзяцзу (czjaczu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaa¹ zuk⁶
  - Yale: gā juhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹ dzuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ga¹ zug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-chhu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga´ cug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga¹ cug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gă-cŭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒuʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-cho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ka-tso̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kazok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-cho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: kee-tso̍k
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gê¹ zog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke tso̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ke³³⁻²³ t͡sok̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹cia-zoq
  - MiniDict: cia^平 zoh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jia-zoq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕia⁵⁵ zoʔ²¹/

Middle Chinese: kae dzuwk

Rime
Character	家	族
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	東 (3)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	古牙切	昨木切
Baxter	kae	dzuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠa/	/d͡zuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚa/	/d͡zuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ka/	/d͡zuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨ/	/d͡zəwk̚/
Li Rong	/ka/	/d͡zuk̚/
Wang Li	/ka/	/d͡zuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ka/	/d͡zʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiā	zú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaa¹	zuk⁶

Noun edit

家族

family; household; clan
家族世襲／家族世袭 ― jiāzú shìxí ― hereditary succession

Synonyms edit

人家
室 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
家
家子 (jiāzi) (colloquial)
家室 (jiāshì)
家庭 (jiātíng)
戶家／户家 (hùjiā) (literary)
房頭／房头 (fángtóu) (literary)
親族／亲族 (qīnzú)

Derived terms edit

大家族 (dàjiāzú)
家族史 (jiāzúshǐ)

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (家族):

→ Japanese: 家(か)族(ぞく) (kazoku)
→ Korean: 가족(家族) (gajok)
→ Vietnamese: gia tộc (家族)

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
家	族
か Grade: 2	ぞく Grade: 3
kan’on	goon

Etymology edit

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 家族 (MC kae dzuwk). However, not attested until 1808,^[1] so possibly a borrowing from modern written Chinese 家族 (jiāzú) with the expected Japanese reading applied.

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) かぞく [káꜜzòkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ka̠zo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun edit

家(か)族(ぞく) • (kazoku)

a family, a household
- 2015 July 27, Åsa Ekström, “第１話 (Daiichiwa)　ようこそ、ここへ (Yōkoso, Koko E)”, in さよならセプテンバー (Sayonara Seputenbā), volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Creek & River:
  
  ぼくらは幸(しあわ)せな家(か)族(ぞく)になるよぜったい！
  Bokura wa shiawase na kazoku ni naru yo zettai!
  We’ll definitely make a happy family!

Usage notes edit

家族 refers to one’s own family, particularly immediate family – parents, children, and siblings. To refer to another’s family, one uses the honorific form ご家族 (go-kazoku, “another’s family”, honorific). To refer to one’s relatives generally, one uses 親戚 (shinseki, “relative”), which includes even distant relatives. For first cousins – i.e. aunts, uncles, and close cousins – one may use 近親 (kinshin, “close relative”). For close people, not necessarily family, one may use 身内 (miuchi, “close family, close friends”).

Synonyms edit

御(ご)家(か)族(ぞく), ご家(か)族(ぞく) (go-kazoku) (honorific)

References edit

^ “家族”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
家	族

Noun edit

家族 • (gajok) (hangeul 가족)

Hanja form^? of 가족 (“family, household”).

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
家	族

Noun edit

家族

chữ Hán form of gia tộc (“family”).

[KDJ2-1] “家族”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]