峭

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

峭 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 山火月 (UFB), four-corner 2972₇, composition ⿰山肖)

Derived charactersEdit

㴥

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 311, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8085
Dae Jaweon: page 611, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 773, character 10
Unihan data for U+5CED

ChineseEdit

trad.		峭
simp. ^#		峭
alternative forms		陗

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (肖) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
梢	*sreːw
捎	sreːw, sew
筲	*sreːw
鞘	sreːw, slewɢs
艄	*sreːw
蛸	sreːw, sew
髾	*sreːw
輎	*sreːw
旓	*sreːw
弰	*sreːw
鮹	sreːw, sew
綃	sreːw, sew
颵	*sreːw
莦	sreːw, sew
娋	sreːw, sreːws
稍	*sreːws
哨	sreːws, sʰews, *sew
揱	sreːwɢs, slew, *sreːwɢ
潲	*sreːws
睄	*sreːws
悄	*sʰewʔ
俏	*sʰews
峭	*sʰews
陗	*sʰews
帩	*sʰews
誚	*zews
消	*sew
宵	*sew
霄	*sew
硝	*sew
銷	*sew
逍	*sew
魈	*sew
痟	*slew
焇	*sew
肖	slew, slews
韒	*slewɢs
趙	*l'ewʔ
箾	seːw, sleːw
踃	*seːw
削	*slewɢ
矟	*sreːwɢ

Originally Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰews): semantic 阜 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews), later Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰews): semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with Burmese စောက် (cauk, “‌steep, depth”). Compare also with Burmese စက် (cak, “severe, chilly”).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiào (qiao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu³
Min Dong (BUC): chiēu
Min Nan (POJ): chhiàu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciào
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiao⁴
  - Yale: chyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiaw
  - Palladius: цяо (cjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ciu³
  - Yale: chiu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: qiu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chiēu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰieu³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàu
  - Tâi-lô: tshiàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiaux
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiau²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiau⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰiᴇu^H/

Rime
Character	峭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七肖切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiᴇu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiɛu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjæu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰiaw^H/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiɛu^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭɛu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯ɛu^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ciu³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰews/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	峭
Reading #	1/1
No.	13733
Phonetic component	肖
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	陗
Old Chinese	/*sʰews/
Notes	同陗

DefinitionsEdit

峭

steep; precipitous; rugged
陡峭 ― dǒuqiào ― steep; precipitous

懸崖峭壁／悬崖峭壁 ― xuányáqiàobì ― sheer precipices and overhanging rocks; perilous cliffs and precipices
(literary) stern; severe
峭直 ― qiàozhí ― (please add an English translation of this example)
cold
料峭 ― liàoqiào ― chilly
to make more strict