always; ever; often always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant |
punishment | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (常刑) |
常 | 刑 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 常 | 刑 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 匣 (33) |
Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 青 (125) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | III | IV |
Fanqie | 市羊切 | 戸經切 |
Baxter | dzyang | heng |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/ | /ɦeŋ/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑiɐŋ/ | /ɦeŋ/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑiɑŋ/ | /ɣɛŋ/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑɨaŋ/ | /ɦɛjŋ/ |
Li Rong |
/ʑiaŋ/ | /ɣeŋ/ |
Wang Li |
/ʑĭaŋ/ | /ɣieŋ/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑi̯aŋ/ | /ɣieŋ/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
cháng | xíng |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
soeng4 | jing4 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 常 | 刑 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
cháng | xíng |
Middle Chinese |
‹ dzyang › | ‹ heng › |
Old Chinese |
/*[d]aŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/ |
English | constant | punish(ment) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 常 | 刑 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
No. | 11152 | 6861 |
Phonetic component |
尚 | 井 |
Rime group |
陽 | 耕 |
Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
常 | 㓝 |
Old Chinese |
/*djaŋ/ | /*ɡeːŋ/ |
常刑