Wiktionary

恇

恇 U+6047, 恇
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6047
← 恆
[U+6046] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 恈 →
[U+6048]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

恇 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心尸一土 (PSMG), four-corner 91011, composition ⿰忄匡)

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 383, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10529
  • Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2293, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6047

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 恇

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (王) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
皇 *ɡʷaːŋ
惶 *ɡʷaːŋ
遑 *ɡʷaːŋ
堭 *ɡʷaːŋ
煌 *ɡʷaːŋ
餭 *ɡʷaːŋ
騜 *ɡʷaːŋ
艎 *ɡʷaːŋ
隍 *ɡʷaːŋ
湟 *ɡʷaːŋ
徨 *ɡʷaːŋ
篁 *ɡʷaːŋ
蝗 *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs
凰 *ɡʷaːŋ
偟 *ɡʷaːŋ
媓 *ɡʷaːŋ
韹 *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ
葟 *ɡʷaːŋ
皝 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
汪 *qʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋs, *qʷaŋʔ
尪 *qʷaːŋ
迋 *kʷaŋʔ, *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs
逛 *kʷaŋʔ
誑 *kʷaŋs, *ɡʷaŋ, *kʷaŋs
匡 *kʰʷaŋ
筐 *kʰʷaŋ
框 *kʰʷaŋ
眶 *kʰʷaŋ
誆 *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs
邼 *kʰʷaŋ
恇 *kʰʷaŋ
劻 *kʰʷaŋ
洭 *kʰʷaŋ
軭 *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ
狂 *ɡʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs
軖 *ɡʷaŋ
鵟 *ɡʷaŋ
俇 *ɡʷaŋʔ
王 *ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs
蚟 *ɢʷaŋ
彺 *ɢʷaŋ
旺 *ɢʷaŋs
諻 *qʰʷraːŋ
喤 *qʰʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ
瑝 *ɡʷraːŋ
鍠 *ɡʷraːŋ
揘 *ɡʷaŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaŋ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 匡 (OC *kʰʷaŋ).

Etymology edit

Related to 懼 (OC *ɡʷas, “to fear”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation edit

Rime
Character 恇
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 去王切
Baxter khjwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰʉɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰʷiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiuɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰuaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiuaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭwaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰiwaŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		kuāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fong1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 恇
Reading # 1/1
No. 12727
Phonetic
component 		王
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		匡
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰʷaŋ/

Definitions edit

恇

  1. † to fear; to be cowardly
  2. † weak
  3. † to expect; to anticipate

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼
Mandarin Beijing 害怕, 怕
Taiwan 害怕, 怕
Harbin 害怕, 發毛
Yantai (Muping) 害怕, 怵
Jinan 害怕, 怕, 打怵
Luoyang 害怕, 怕
Wanrong 驚
Xi'an 害怕, 怕, 怯火
Yinchuan 害怕, 嚇
Lanzhou 害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁
Ürümqi 害怕
Wuhan 嚇不過, 怕
Chengdu 害怕, 怕, 虛火, 虛
Guiyang 害怕, 怕
Kunming 害怕
Guilin 怕
Liuzhou 慌
Xuzhou 嫌怕, 打怵
Yangzhou 害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎
Nanjing 嚇怕, 怕
Hefei 怕
Malaysia 怕
Singapore 怕, 害怕
Cantonese Guangzhou 驚, 怕, 慌, 窒
Hong Kong 驚, 怕, 慌
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 狂
Macau 驚
Guangzhou (Panyu) 驚
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 慌
Guangzhou (Conghua) 驚
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 好怕
Foshan 驚, 窒
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 慌, 怕
Foshan (Shunde) 慌
Foshan (Sanshui) 慌
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 慌
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 驚
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 驚
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 驚
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 慌
Zhongshan (Dongsheng) 慌
Zhongshan (Tanbei) 慌
Zhongshan (Henglan) 慌
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 慌
Zhongshan (Nantou) 慌
Zhongshan (Fusha) 慌
Zhongshan (Shalang) 慌
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 慌
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Sanjiao) 狂, 驚
Zhongshan (Langwang) 慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Guzhen) 𢗉
Zhongshan (Banfu) 慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 慌, 驚
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 驚
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 驚
Zhuhai (Doumen) 驚
Jiangmen (Baisha) 驚
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 驚
Taishan 𢗉
Kaiping (Chikan) 𢗉
Enping (Niujiang) 𢗉
Heshan (Yayao) 慌
Dongguan 狂
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 驚
Shaoguan 驚, 窒
Yunfu 怕, 驚
Yangjiang 𢗉
Xinyi 狂
Lianjiang 驚
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 驚, 怕
Singapore (Guangfu) 驚, 怕
Gan Nanchang 怕
Lichuan 怕
Hakka Meixian 驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 狂
Dongguan (Qingxi) 狂
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 好狂
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 驚
Wuhua (Huacheng) 怕, 驚, 畏
Heyuan (Bendihua) 驚
Wengyuan 驚
Liannan 驚
Conghua (Lütian) 狂
Jiexi 驚
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 驚
Changting 怕
Wuping 怕
Wuping (Yanqian) 怕
Liancheng 嚇
Ninghua 怕
Ningdu 怕
Tonggu (Sandu) 怕
Ganzhou (Panlong) 怕
Dayu 怕
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 驚
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 驚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 驚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 驚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 驚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 驚
Hong Kong 狂, 驚
Mengshan (Xihe) 怕
Luchuan 狂
Sabah (Longchuan) 狂
Senai (Huiyang) 狂
Singkawang 驚
Huizhou Jixi 怕, 嚇
Jin Taiyuan 害怕, 怕
Xinzhou 著怕, 怕
Northern Min Jian'ou 驚, 怕, 怯, 畏
Jian'ou (Dikou) 驚
Songxi 驚
Zhenghe 驚
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 驚
Jianyang 驚
Jianyang (Huangkeng) 畏
Wuyishan 嚇
Pucheng (Shibei) 嚇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 驚
Changle 驚
Lianjiang 驚
Fuqing 驚
Pingtan 驚
Yongtai 驚
Minqing 驚
Gutian 驚
Pingnan 驚
Luoyuan 驚
Fu'an 驚
Ningde 驚
Xiapu 驚
Zherong 驚
Shouning 驚
Zhouning 驚
Fuding 驚
Singapore (Fuqing) 驚
Southern Min Xiamen 驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
Xiamen (Tong'an) 驚
Quanzhou 驚, 著驚, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
Jinjiang 驚
Nan'an 驚
Shishi 驚
Hui'an 驚
Anxi 驚
Yongchun 驚
Dehua 驚
Zhangzhou 驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 會攝, 掣
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 驚
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 驚
Hua'an 驚
Nanjing 驚
Pinghe 驚
Zhangpu 驚
Yunxiao 驚
Zhao'an 驚
Dongshan 驚
Kaohsiung 驚
Yilan 驚
Changhua (Lukang) 驚
Taichung 驚
Taichung (Wuqi) 驚惶
Tainan 驚
Taitung 驚
Hsinchu 驚
Kinmen 驚
Penghu (Magong) 驚
Penang (Hokkien) 驚
Singapore (Hokkien) 驚
Manila (Hokkien) 驚
Longyan 嚇
Zhangping 驚
Datian 驚
Chaozhou 驚, 畏
Raoping 驚
Shantou 驚
Jieyang 驚, 畏
Haifeng 驚
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 驚
Singapore (Teochew) 驚
Leizhou 驚
Wenchang 驚
Haikou 驚
Qionghai 驚
Singapore (Hainanese) 驚
Puxian Min Putian 驚
Xianyou 驚
Central Min Yong'an 驚
Sanyuan 驚
Shaxian 驚
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 驚
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狂, 怕
Wu Shanghai 怕, 嚇
Shanghai (Chongming) 嚇
Suzhou 怕, 嚇
Danyang 怕
Hangzhou 怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛
Ningbo 怕, 嚇
Wenzhou 怕, 嚇
Jinhua 光
Xiang Changsha 怕, 畏怯
Loudi 怕
Shuangfeng 怕

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

恇

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. fear

Readings edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

恇 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)

  1. fear
  2. weak, tender
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