患

患 U+60A3, 患 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60A3 ← 悢 [U+60A2] CJK Unified Ideographs 悤 → [U+60A4]

Translingual

Han character

患 (radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中中心 (LLP), four-corner 5033₆, composition ⿱串心)

References

• KangXi: page 388, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10691
• Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2300, character 9
• Unihan data for U+60A3

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		患
alternative forms		𢠶 𢤒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (患) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
漶	*ɡoːns
贃	*qroːns
患	*ɡroːns
槵	*ɡroːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡroːns): phonetic 串 (OC *kroːns, *kʰjons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Since Shuowen does not have the character 串, it interprets the character as phonetic 吅 (OC *qʰon, *sqʰon, *sɢoŋs) + semantic 丨 + semantic 心 (“heart”) – to pierce through something from the heart. Duan Yucai claims in his commentary that older copies of Shuowen actually have phonetic 毌 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “to pierce through”) + semantic 心 (“heart”) instead.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huàn (huan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): waan⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fam

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fam⁴

• Min Bei (KCR): hūing
• Min Dong (BUC): huâng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huam⁶ / huang⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: huàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ
    • Wade–Giles: huan4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huann
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huàn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: waan⁶
    • Yale: waahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: waan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: wan⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wäːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam
    • Hakka Romanization System: fam
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fam⁵³/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hūing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xuiŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huɑŋ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
    • Tâi-lô: huān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huan²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huan³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huam⁶ / huang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăm / huăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huam³⁵/, /huaŋ³⁵/

Note:

• huam6 - Chaozhou;
• huang6 - Shantou.

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠuan^H/

Rime
Character	患
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡慣切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠuanH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚanH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨnH/
Li Rong	/ɣuanH/
Wang Li	/ɣwanH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwanH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huàn

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤro[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡroːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	患
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hwænH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁro[n]-s/
English	calamity; distress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	患
Reading #	1/1
No.	5364
Phonetic component	患
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	患
Old Chinese	/*ɡroːns/
Notes	本從串（毌）聲

Definitions

患

1. to worry
2. to contract (an illness); to gain; to suffer from; to be afflicted with
3. trouble; peril

Compounds

Derived terms from 患

• 不患
• 人之患在好為人師／人之患在好为人师 (rén zhī huàn zài hàowéirénshī)
• 人滿為患／人满为患 (rénmǎnwéihuàn)
• 備嘗憂患／备尝忧患
• 傷患／伤患
• 內患／内患
• 內憂外患／内忧外患 (nèiyōu-wàihuàn)
• 共患
• 共患難／共患难 (gònghuànnàn)
• 分憂共患／分忧共患 (fēnyōu gòng huàn)
• 外患 (wàihuàn)
• 弭患
• 弭患無形／弭患无形
• 後患／后患 (hòuhuàn)
• 後患無窮／后患无穷 (hòuhuànwúqióng)
• 後顧之患／后顾之患
• 心腹之患 (xīnfù zhī huàn)
• 心腹大患
• 心腹重患
• 患害
• 患得患失 (huàndéhuànshī)
• 患病 (huànbìng)
• 患者 (huànzhě)
• 患苦
• 患處／患处

• 患難／患难 (huànnàn)
• 患難之交／患难之交 (huànnànzhījiāo)
• 患難夫妻／患难夫妻
• 患難相恤／患难相恤
• 患難相扶／患难相扶
• 患難相死／患难相死
• 患難與共／患难与共
• 患難見真情／患难见真情 (huànnàn jiàn zhēnqíng)
• 慮患／虑患
• 憂患／忧患 (yōuhuàn)
• 憂患意識／忧患意识
• 救災恤患／救灾恤患
• 有備無患／有备无患 (yǒubèiwúhuàn)
• 未形之患
• 杜絕後患／杜绝后患
• 民患淡食
• 水患 (shuǐhuàn)
• 河患 (héhuàn)
• 河魚之患／河鱼之患
• 火患 (huǒhuàn)
• 災患／灾患
• 為民除患／为民除患
• 無患／无患 (wúhuàn)
• 無患子／无患子 (wúhuànzǐ)
• 疾患 (jíhuàn)

• 病患 (bìnghuàn)
• 病患狀／病患状
• 禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
• 絕後患／绝后患
• 罹患 (líhuàn)
• 肘腋之患
• 腹心之患
• 西患
• 覆餗之患／覆𫗧之患
• 言出患入
• 辟惡除患／辟恶除患
• 邊患／边患
• 重患
• 防患未然 (fánghuànwèirán)
• 除患興利／除患兴利
• 陽侯之患／阳侯之患
• 隱患／隐患 (yǐnhuàn)
• 飽經憂患／饱经忧患
• 養癰成患／养痈成患
• 養癰自患／养痈自患
• 養癰貽患／养痈贻患
• 養癰遺患／养痈遗患
• 養虎留患／养虎留患
• 養虎貽患／养虎贻患
• 養虎遺患／养虎遗患

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Japanese

Kanji

患

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. afflicted

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: わずらう (wazurau, 患う, Jōyō); うれえる (ureeru, 患える); うれい (urei, 患い)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
患
かん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 患 (MC ɦˠuan^H).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) か​ん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

患(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. worry; suffer
2. afflicted

Noun

患(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. trouble; worries; pain
2. illness; sickness

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Korean

Hanja

患 (eumhun 근심 환 (geunsim hwan))

1. Hanja form^? of 환 (“worry”).

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Vietnamese

Han character

患: Hán Nôm readings: hoạn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.