意志

Chinese

		idea; meaning; wish idea; meaning; wish; desire; Italy (abbrev.)	the will
simp. and trad. (意志)		意	志
alternative forms		毅志
anagram		志意

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yìzhì

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄓˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ji³ zi³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yi¹ zi¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yi-chṳ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ì-chì

  (Teochew, Peng'im): i³ zi³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵i-tsy

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yìzhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yìjhìh
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴-chih⁴
    • Yale: yì-jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihjyh
    • Palladius: ичжи (ičži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 意志 抑制 易幟／易帜 異志／异志 異質／异质 益智 譯製／译制

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji³ zi³
    • Yale: yi ji
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji³ dzi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi³ ji³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː³³ t͡siː³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yi¹ zi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ji³³ t͡si³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi-chṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: i zii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴ zi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi-chṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)i zii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴ zi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ì-chì
    • Tâi-lô: ì-tsì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iecix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /i¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: i³ zi³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ì tsì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵i-tsy
    • MiniDict: i^去 tsy
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²i-tsr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'iH tsyiH

Rime
Character	意	志
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於記切	職吏切
Baxter	'iH	tsyiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨH/	/t͡ɕɨH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨH/	/t͡ɕɨH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔieH/	/t͡ɕieH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨH/	/cɨH/
Li Rong	/ʔiəH/	/t͡ɕiəH/
Wang Li	/ĭəH/	/t͡ɕĭəH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔiH/	/t͡ɕiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji3	zi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)ək-s  tə-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡs  tjɯs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	意	志
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔiH ›	‹ tsyiH ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)ək-s/	/*tə-s/
English	thought (n.)	goal, intention, aspiration
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	意	志
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15153	17190
Phonetic component	意	之
Rime group	代	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	意	志
Old Chinese	/*qɯɡs/	/*tjɯs/
Notes		說文之聲

Noun

意志

1. will; determination; volition; intent

   堅強意志／坚强意志  ―  jiānqiáng yìzhì  ―  strong will

   政府意志  ―  zhèngfǔ yìzhì  ―  government will

Synonyms

• 心志 (xīnzhì)
• 志意 (zhìyì) (literary)
• 毅力 (yìlì)
• 決心／决心 (juéxīn)
• 狠心 (hěnxīn)

 

Derived terms

• 德意志 (Déyìzhì)
• 意志力 (yìzhìlì)
• 自由意志 (zìyóu yìzhì)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (意志):

• → Japanese: 意志(いし) (ishi)
• → Korean: 의지(意志) (uiji)
• → Vietnamese: ý chí (意志)

See also

• 意旨 (yìzhǐ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
意	志
い Grade: 3	し Grade: 5
on’yomi

Etymology

Coined by Japanese politician Nishi Amane as a translation of English will, and became established by being included in the 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) by Inoue Tetsujirō.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) い​し [íꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [iɕi]

• Homophones: 以次, 位子, 医師, 胃歯, 異志, 移徙, 意思, 違旨, 遺子, 遺旨, 遺址, 遺志, 遺屍, 頤指, 頤使, 縊死, 懿旨

Noun

意(い)志(し) • (ishi) 

1. will (intention or decision)
   • 2016 July 22, “過(か)去(こ)との取(と)り組(く)み”, in 異界月 [Eldritch Moon], Wizards of the Coast:

     エムラクールは願(ねが)いを叶(かな)えたりしない。ただ、人(ひと)々(びと)の望(のぞ)みがエムラクールの意(い)志(し)に沿(そ)ったものになるのだ。

     Emurakūru wa negai o kanae tari shinai. Tada, hitobito no nozomi ga Emurakūru no ishi ni sotta mono ni naru no da.

     Emrakul does not grant wishes. Human desires simply align to her will.

Derived terms

• 意(い)志(し)的(てき) (ishiteki)
• 意(い)志(し)薄(はく)弱(じゃく) (ishi hakujaku)
• 一(いっ)般(ぱん)意(い)志(し) (ippan ishi)
• 権(けん)力(りょく)意(い)志(し) (kenryoku ishi)
• 自(じ)由(ゆう)意(い)志(し) (jiyū ishi)
• 集(しゅう)合(ごう)意(い)志(し) (shūgō ishi)

Korean

Hanja in this term
意	志

Noun

意志 • (uiji) (hangeul 의지)

1. Hanja form^? of 의지 (“determination”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
意	志

Noun

意志

1. chữ Hán form of ý chí (“willpower”).