See also:
U+6158, 慘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6158

[U+6157]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6159]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 61, +11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心戈戈竹 (PIIH), four-corner 93022, composition )

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11094
  • Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2348, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6158

Chinese edit

trad.
simp.
alternative forms

𢠊
𢡖

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sʰluːmʔ): semantic (heart) + phonetic (OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum)

Pronunciation edit



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sʰan²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡sʰan⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡sʰan¹³/
Jinan /t͡sʰã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /t͡sʰã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰan²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡sʰã⁵³/
Xining /t͡sʰã⁵³/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰan⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡sʰɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰan⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰan⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡sʰan⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡sʰan⁴²/
Kunming /t͡sʰã̠⁵³/
Nanjing /t͡sʰaŋ²¹²/
Hefei /t͡sʰæ̃²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/
Pingyao /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰø³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰø⁵¹/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰẽ̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰø³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡sʰɔ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰan⁴¹/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰan⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰan²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰam³¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰɑm³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰam³⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰam³⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰam³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰam⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰaŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰam⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sam²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (14)
Final () (159)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter tshomX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰʌmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰəmX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰɒmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰəmX/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰᴀmX/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰɒmX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
cǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
caam2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 1084
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰluːmʔ/

Definitions edit

  1. (literary, or in compounds) cruel; vicious; malicious
  2. (of losses, defeats, etc.) severe; crushing; heavy
  3. miserable; pitiful; wretched
  4. (literary, or in compounds) gloomy; dim; dismal

Synonyms edit

  • (cruel):
  • (severe):
  • (miserable):
  • (gloomy):

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji edit

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. Kyūjitai form of : wretched

Readings edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

(cham, chim) (hangeul , , revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

: Hán Nôm readings: thảm, thom, thỏm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.