See also: and
U+6230, 戰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6230

[U+622F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6231]

Translingual edit

Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 62, +12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 口十戈 (RJI), four-corner 63550, composition )

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 414, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11667
  • Dae Jaweon: page 757, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1412, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+6230

Chinese edit

trad.
simp.
nonstandard simp. 𢧐
alternative forms

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *tjans): phonetic (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans) + semantic (halberd) – battling with a halberd.

Etymology edit

Benedict (1972) thinks it a cognate to Tibetan རལ་གྲི (ral gri, sword), Mizo râl (enemy), both from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-raːl ~ *g-ran ~ *ray (enemy, quarrel, strife, fight, war, sword), yet Schuessler (2007) thinks it unlikely that Old Chinese *t- corresponds to Tibeto-Burman *r-.

Instead he proposes that "war, battle" is semantically extended from "tremble, fear" and so (OC *tjans) is cognate with (OC *daːns) (ibid.); STEDT in turn derives them both from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (tremble, shiver).

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • chiéng - vernacular (“to fight”);
  • ciéng - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • ziang3 - Shantou;
    • ziêng3 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (23)
    Final () (77)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter tsyenH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡ɕiᴇnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡ɕiɛnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡ɕjænH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /cianH/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡ɕiɛnH/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡ɕĭɛnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /t͡ɕi̯ɛnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    zhàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zin3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    zhàn zhàn
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tsyenH › ‹ tsyenH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tar-s/ /*tar-s/
    English to fear battle

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 2019
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tjans/

    Definitions edit

    1. to fight a battle; to go to war
    2. war; battle; fight
        ―  yǒng zhàn  ―  eternal war
      [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  wing5 zin3 [Jyutping]  ―  eternal war
    3. to tremble; to shiver
    4. a surname: Zhan

    Synonyms edit

    • (to fight a battle):
    • (war):
    • (to tremble):

    Antonyms edit

    • (war):

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Shinjitai

    Kyūjitai

    Kanji edit

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for nameskyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

    1. fighting, battle

    Readings edit

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 싸울 (ssaul jeon))

    1. Hanja form? of (fight).

    Compounds edit

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Việt readings: chiến[1][2][3][4][5]
    : Nôm readings: chiến[1][2], chén[1], chuyến[2]

    1. chữ Hán form of chiến (war, conflict).

    References edit