所
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TranslingualEdit
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| Japanese | 所 |
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| Simplified | 所 |
| Traditional | 所 |
Alternative formsEdit
Note different composition due to different forms of 戶, namely 户 (in some Japanese fonts more resembles 戸).
Han characterEdit
所 (radical 63, 戶+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸竹一中 (HSHML), four-corner 72221, composition ⿰戶斤 (GTK) or ⿰戸斤(J))
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 415, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11715
- Dae Jaweon: page 760, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2259, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6240
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
所 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 㪽 𫝂 𠩄 | |
Glyph originEdit
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sqʰraʔ): phonetic 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) – the sound of logging.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
所
- (in compounds) place; location
- (in compounds) establishment for a particular function
- Short for 研究所 (yánjiūsuǒ, “research institute; graduate school”).
- 病毒所 ― bìngdú suǒ ― institute of virology
- Classifier for buildings, schools, hospitals, etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- Prefix attached to verbs to form noun phrases, indicating the patient of the verb, similar to a passive participle.
- 所以 ― suǒyǐ ― what one uses; what one relies on; means > the reason why > therefore
- 所得 ― suǒdé ― income (literally, "what is gained")
- 所見即所得 / 所见即所得 ― suǒjiànjísuǒdé ― what you see is what you get
- 所長 / 所长 ― suǒcháng ― forte (what one is good at)
- 無所謂 / 无所谓 ― wúsuǒwèi ― to be irrelevant (literally, "to not [have or be] what one can refer to [as]")
- 你所用的電腦 / 你所用的电脑 ― nǐ suǒ yòng de diànnǎo ― the computer used by you
- 不知所云 ― bùzhī suǒ yún ― do not know what is said
- 所見異辭，所聞異辭，所傳聞異辭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Gongyang, circa 206 BCE– 9 CE
- Suǒjiàn yì cí, suǒwén yì cí, suǒchuánwén yì cí. [Pinyin]
- Different phrasings were applied to what was witnessed, what was learned, and what was transmitted via tradition.
所见异辞，所闻异辞，所传闻异辞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- Used in the construction 為……所…… to form the passive voice.
CompoundsEdit
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JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)←しよ (syo, historical)
- Kan-on: そ (so)
- Kun: ところ (tokoro, 所, Jōyō); とこ (toko, 所); と (to); く (ku)
CompoundsEdit
- 一所懸命 (isshokenmei)
- 近所 (kinjo)
- 住所 (jūsho)
- 便所 (benjo)
- 所為 (shoi)
- 所感 (shokan)
- 所管 (shokan)
- 所見 (shoken)
- 所作 (shosa)
- 所在 (shozai)
- 所在地 (shozaichi)
- 所在 (shozai)
- 所持 (shoji)
- 所属 (shozoku)
- 所存 (shozon)
- 所帯 (shotai)
- 所得 (shotoku)
- 所得税 (shotokuzei)
- 所有物 (shoyūbutsu)
- 所有者 (shoyūsha)
- 所有 (shoyū)
- 所有権 (shoyūken)
- 所謂 (iwayuru)
- 適材適所 (tekizaitekisho)
- 場所 (basho)
- 所以 (yuen)
- 所有制 (shoyūsei)
- 所有主 (shoyūnushi)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 所 |
| しょ Grade: 3 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 所 (MC ʃɨʌX).
PronunciationEdit
CounterEdit
SuffixEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 所 |
| ところ Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 処 |
⟨to2ko2ro2⟩ → /tokoro/
From Old Japanese.[1] Found in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).[2]
A surface analysis suggests that this could be an ancient compound of ⟨to2⟩ (“place”, as in 跡 ⟨ato2⟩, “footprint, track”, from “foot place, where one has stepped”) + ⟨ko2⟩ (noun-forming suffixing element denoting “place”, as in ここ ⟨ko2ko2⟩, “here”, from “this place”) + ⟨ro2⟩ (noun-forming suffixing element, apparently indicating within a general area, possibly as in 心 ⟨ko2ko2ro2⟩, “heart, mind, emotions”, 頃 ⟨ko2ro2⟩, “general span of time, around a certain time”, うつろ ⟨uturo2⟩, “hollowness, empty interior”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Tokyo) ところ [tòkóró] (Heiban – [0])[3][4][5]
- (Tokyo) ところ [tòkóróꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[4][5]
- IPA(key): [to̞ko̞ɾo̞]
The odaka version is used when:
- it is preceded by a modifier, such as in 山田さんの所に (Yamada-san no tokoro ni, “at Yamada-san's place”)
- it appears as a grammatical element, such as in ところが (tokoro ga, “however”) or ところで (tokoro de, “by the way”)
NounEdit
- a place, a scene, a site; an address
- 遠い所に行ってみたい。
- Tōi tokoro ni itte mitai.
- I want to go to a faraway place.
- あの窓のところにいる人は誰？
- Ano mado no tokoro ni iru hito wa dare?
- Who is the person by that window?
- 嫌なところを直す
- iya na tokoro o naosu
- to change the unpleasant part/aspect (of one's personality)
- 遠い所に行ってみたい。
- a state of being
- (after a plain verb) about to
- 映画を見に行くところだった。
- Eiga o mi ni iku tokoro datta.
- I was about to go to a movie.
- 映画を見に行くところだった。
- (after a verb in the past tense) just
- 駅に着いたところです。
- Eki ni tsuita tokoro desu.
- I just arrived at the station.
- 駅に着いたところです。
- (after a verb in the progressive ている) indicates the current state, or how you have progressed so far in a chain of actions
- 今、敬語を勉強しているところです。[1]
- Ima, keigo o benkyō shite iru tokoro desu.
- I'm now learning polite language.
- 今、敬語を勉強しているところです。[1]
- (after a plain verb) about to
- (literary, calque of Literary Chinese 所) Attaches to verbs to form noun phrases, meaning the object of that verb.
- 己の欲せざる所、人に施すこと勿れ
- Onore no hossezaru tokoro, hito ni hodokosu koto nakare
- What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others
- 己の欲せざる所、人に施すこと勿れ
Derived termsEdit
- 所で (tokoro de): by the way, incidentally
- 所々 (tokorodokoro), 所所 (tokorodokoro), 処々 (tokorodokoro), 処処 (tokorodokoro): here and there
- 所へ (tokoro e): thereupon
- 所もある (tokoro mo aru): some, sometimes
- 国所 (kunitokoro): country of birth, birthplace
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 所 |
| とこ Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
Listed in some sources as an abbreviation of tokoro above.[1][3][6] However, this is also listed as cognate with 床 (toko, “raised area; bed”),[1] which term already appears in use as far back as the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), one of the oldest Japanese texts.[7]
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
- (informal, spoken) see the senses for tokoro above
Usage notesEdit
The toko reading in modern Japanese is regarded as the informal and spoken version of tokoro above.
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 所 |
| と Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨to2⟩ → /*tə/ → /to/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tə. Appears mainly as an affixing element indicating place, as in 後 (ato, “after; behind; the back of something”), from 跡 (ato, “footprint, track”), itself a compound of 足 (a, “foot”) + 所 (to, “place”); or in 留まる (todomaru, “to stop in a place”), itself a compound of と (to, “place”) + とまる (tomaru, “to stop”).
In modern Japanese references,[1][3] there are various compound terms ending in -to or -do that are spelled and / or described as deriving from this 所 (to, “place”), including 隈所 (kumato, “a bent and twisted place, such as a tunnel, out of sight”), 立ち所 (tachido, “standing place”), 竈 (kamado, “kiln”). However, a historical analysis reveals that many of these terms do not derive from 所, 処 ⟨to2⟩ “place”, but rather from 戸, 門 ⟨to1⟩ “gate, door, place of entry and exit”.
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
AffixEdit
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 19, poem 4288), text here
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3554), text here
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
NounEdit
所 (hiragana とぅくる, romaji tukuru)
SuffixEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
所: Hán Nôm readings: sỡ, sở, sớ, sửa, thửa
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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