Wiktionary

所

所 U+6240, 所
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6240
← 房
[U+623F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 扁 →
[U+6241]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order (Japan)
 
Stroke order
 
Japanese 所
Simplified 所
Traditional 所

Alternative formsEdit

Note different composition due to different forms of 戶, namely 户 (in some Japanese fonts more resembles 戸).

Han characterEdit

所 (Kangxi radical 63, 戶+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸竹一中 (HSHML), four-corner 72221, composition ⿰戶斤 (GTK) or ⿰戸斤(J))

Derived charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 415, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11715
  • Dae Jaweon: page 760, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2259, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6240

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 所
alternative forms 㪽
𫝂
𠩄

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (戸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妒 *tqaːs
雇 *kʷaːs, *ɡʷaːʔ
顧 *kʷaːs
戽 *qʰʷaːʔ, *qʰʷaːs, *ɡʷaːʔ
戶 *ɡʷaːʔ
扈 *ɡʷaːʔ
帍 *ɡʷaːʔ
昈 *ɡʷaːʔ
滬 *ɡʷaːʔ
簄 *ɡʷaːʔ
齭 *skʰraʔ, *sqʰraʔ
所 *sqʰraʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sqʰraʔ): phonetic 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) – the sound of logging.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • sū - literary;
  • nē̤ - vernacular.
  • Min Nan
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 所
    Mandarin Beijing /suo²¹⁴/
    Harbin /suo²¹³/
    Tianjin /suo¹³/
    Jinan /ʂuə⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /suə⁵⁵/ ～以
    /ʂuə⁵⁵/ 場～
    Zhengzhou /ʂuo⁵³/
    Xi'an /fo⁵³/
    Xining /fɔ⁵³/
    Yinchuan /suə⁵³/
    Lanzhou /fə⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /suɤ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /suo⁴²/
    Chengdu /so⁵³/
    Guiyang /so⁴²/
    Kunming /so⁵³/
    Nanjing /so²¹²/
    Hefei /sʊ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /suɤ⁵³/
    Pingyao /suə⁵³/
    Hohhot /suɤ⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /su³⁵/
    Suzhou /səu⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /su⁵³/
    Wenzhou /so³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /so³⁵/
    Tunxi /so³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /so⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /so⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /so²¹³/
    /su²¹³/ 無～謂
    Hakka Meixian /so³¹/
    Taoyuan /so³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɔ³⁵/
    Nanning /ɬɔ³⁵/
    Hong Kong /sɔ³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sɔ⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /su³²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /su²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /so⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /to²¹³/
    Rime
    Character 所
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 生 (21)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 踈舉切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʃɨʌX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʃiɔX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʃiɔX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʂɨə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʃiɔX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʃĭoX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʂi̯woX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		so2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 所 所
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		suǒ suǒ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ srjoX › ‹ xuX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-qʰ<r>aʔ/ /*qʰaʔ/
    English place (n.); that which 所所 = 許許 = 滸滸 sound of hewing wood

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 所
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5306
    Phonetic
    component         		戸
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		所
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sqʰraʔ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    所

    1. (in compounds) place; location
      住所  ―  zhùsuǒ  ―  residence
      廁所 / 厕所  ―  cèsuǒ  ―  toilet
      哨所  ―  shàosuǒ  ―  (military) post
    2. (in compounds) establishment for a particular function
      派出所  ―  pàichūsuǒ  ―  local police station
      所長 / 所长  ―  suǒzhǎng  ―  head of an establishment
    3. Short for 研究所 (yánjiūsuǒ, “research institute; graduate school”).
      病毒所  ―  bìngdú suǒ  ―  institute of virology
    4. Classifier for buildings, schools, hospitals, etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    5. Prefix attached to verbs to form noun phrases, indicating the patient of the verb, similar to a passive participle.
      所以  ―  suǒyǐ  ―  what one uses; what one relies on; means > the reason why > therefore
      所得  ―  suǒdé  ―  income (literally, "what is gained")
      所見即所得 / 所见即所得  ―  suǒjiànjísuǒdé  ―  what you see is what you get
      所長 / 所长  ―  suǒcháng  ―  forte (what one is good at)
      無所謂 / 无所谓  ―  wúsuǒwèi  ―  to be irrelevant (literally, "to not [have or be] what one can refer to [as]")
      你所用的電腦 / 你所用的电脑  ―  nǐ suǒ yòng de diànnǎo  ―  the computer used by you
      不知所云  ―  bùzhī suǒ yún  ―  do not know what is said
      1. Used in the construction 為……所…… to form the passive voice.

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 所

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    所

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    所
    しょ
    Grade: 3
    goon

    From Middle Chinese 所 (MC ʃɨʌX).

    PronunciationEdit

    CounterEdit

    所(しょ) • (-sho) 

    1. places

    SuffixEdit

    所(しょ) • (-sho) 

    1. place
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    所
    ところ
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    処

    ⟨to2ko2ro2⟩ → /tokoro/

    From Old Japanese.[1] Found in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).[2]

    A surface analysis suggests that this could be an ancient compound of ⟨to2⟩ (“place”, as in 跡 ⟨ato2⟩, “footprint, track”, from “foot place, where one has stepped”) + ⟨ko2⟩ (noun-forming suffixing element denoting “place”, as in ここ ⟨ko2ko2⟩, “here”, from “this place”) + ⟨ro2⟩ (noun-forming suffixing element, apparently indicating within a general area, possibly as in 心 ⟨ko2ko2ro2⟩, “heart, mind, emotions”, 頃 ⟨ko2ro2⟩, “general span of time, around a certain time”, うつろ ⟨uturo2⟩, “hollowness, empty interior”).

    PronunciationEdit

    The odaka version is used when:

    • it is preceded by a modifier, such as in 山田さんの所に (Yamada-san no tokoro ni, “at Yamada-san's place”)
    • it appears as a grammatical element, such as in ところが (tokoro ga, “however”) or ところで (tokoro de, “by the way”)

    NounEdit

    所(ところ) • (tokoro) 

    1. a place, a scene, a site; an address
      遠(とお)い所(ところ)に行(い)ってみたい。
      Tōi tokoro ni itte mitai.
      I want to go to a faraway place.
      あの窓(まど)のところにいる人(ひと)は誰(だれ)？
      Ano mado no tokoro ni iru hito wa dare?
      Who is the person by that window?
      嫌(いや)なところを直(なお)す
      iya na tokoro o naosu
      to change the unpleasant part/aspect (of one's personality)
    2. a state of being
      1. (after a plain verb) about to
        映(えい)画(が)を見(み)に行(い)くところだった。
        Eiga o mi ni iku tokoro datta.
        I was about to go to a movie.
        忘(わす)れるところだった。
        Wasureru tokoro datta.
        I was on the brink of forgetting.
      2. (after a verb in the past tense) just
        駅(えき)に着(つ)いたところです。
        Eki ni tsuita tokoro desu.
        I just arrived at the station.
      3. (after a verb in the progressive ている) indicates the current state, or how you have progressed so far in a chain of actions
        今(いま)、敬(けい)語(ご)を勉(べん)強(きょう)しているところです。[1]
        Ima, keigo o benkyō shite iru tokoro desu.
        I'm now learning polite language.
      4. (after a verb in the past tense) at that point in time, upon
        調(しら)べたところ何(なに)も見(み)つからなかった。
        Shirabeta tokoro nanimo mitsukaranakatta.
        Upon looking into it, I found nothing.
    3. (literary, calque of Literary Chinese 所) Attaches to verbs to form noun phrases, meaning the object of that verb.
      望(のぞ)むところだ。
      Nozomu tokoro da.
      Just what I wanted. (said in response to an opponent's proposed challenge)
      己(おのれ)の欲(ほっ)せざる所(ところ)、人(ひと)に施(ほどこ)すこと勿(なか)れ
      Onore no hossezaru tokoro, hito ni hodokosu koto nakare
      What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others (kundoku form of 己所不欲，勿施於人)
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    所
    とこ
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi

    Listed in some sources as an abbreviation of tokoro above.[1][3][6] However, this is also listed as cognate with 床 (toko, “raised area; bed”),[1] which term already appears in use as far back as the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), one of the oldest Japanese texts.[7]

    PronunciationEdit

    Alternative formsEdit

    NounEdit

    所(とこ) • (toko) 

    1. (informal, spoken) Alternative form of 所 (tokoro)

    Etymology 4Edit

    Kanji in this term
    所
    と
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi

    ⟨to2⟩ → /*tə/ → /to/

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tə. Appears mainly as an affixing element indicating place, as in 後 (ato, “after; behind; the back of something”), from 跡 (ato, “footprint, track”), itself a compound of 足 (a, “foot”) + 所 (to, “place”); or in 留まる (todomaru, “to stop in a place”), itself a compound of と (to, “place”) + とまる (tomaru, “to stop”).

    In modern Japanese references,[1][3] there are various compound terms ending in -to or -do that are spelled and / or described as deriving from this 所 (to, “place”), including 隈所 (kumato, “a bent and twisted place, such as a tunnel, out of sight”), 立ち所 (tachido, “standing place”), 竈 (kamado, “kiln”). However, a historical analysis reveals that many of these terms do not derive from 所, 処 ⟨to2⟩ “place”, but rather from 戸, 門 ⟨to1⟩ “gate, door, place of entry and exit”.

    PronunciationEdit

    Alternative formsEdit

    AffixEdit

    所(と) • (to) 

    1. place
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 19, poem 4288), text here
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    6. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    7. ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3554), text here

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    所 (eumhun 바 소 (ba so))

    1. Hanja form? of 소 (“place”).

    CompoundsEdit

    OkinawanEdit

    KanjiEdit

    所

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    • ゴルフ所 (ゴルフじゅ, gorufuju, “golf course”)
    • スキー所 (スキーじゅ, sukīju, “ski field”)
    • 所間 (とぅくま, tukuma, “place, location, area, space, room”)

    NounEdit

    所 (hiragana とぅくる, romaji tukuru)

    1. area, location, spot

    SuffixEdit

    所 (hiragana しゅ, romaji shu)

    1. place, field

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    所: Hán Nôm readings: sỡ, sở, sớ, sửa, thửa

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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