抽象

Chinese

		to draw out; to smoke (cigarettes); to pump	shape; form; appearance shape; form; appearance; elephant; image under a map (maths)
trad. (抽象)		抽	象
simp. #(抽象)		抽	象

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chōuxiàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄡ ㄒㄧㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cau¹ zoeng⁶
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): thiu-siǒng / thiu-siōng / thiu-chhiāng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tiu¹ siang⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chōuxiàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄡ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chousiàng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻou¹-hsiang⁴
    • Yale: chōu-syàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: choushianq
    • Palladius: чоусян (čousjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cau¹ zoeng⁶
    • Yale: chāu jeuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsau¹ dzoeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ceo¹ zêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡ʃœːŋ²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiu-siǒng
    • Tâi-lô: thiu-siǒng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiu³³ ɕiɔŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiu-siōng
    • Tâi-lô: thiu-siōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiusiong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² ɕiɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕiɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiu-chhiāng
    • Tâi-lô: thiu-tshiāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiuchiang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰiaŋ²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tiu¹ siang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiu siăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiu³³⁻²³ ɕiaŋ³⁵/

Adjective

抽象

1. abstract (not specific)

   抽象事物  ―  chōuxiàng shìwù  ―  abstract thing

   抽象概念  ―  chōuxiàng gàiniàn  ―  abstract concept

   抽象思維／抽象思维  ―  chōuxiàng sīwéi  ―  abstract thought

Synonyms

• 空洞 (kōngdòng)

Antonyms

• 具體／具体 (jùtǐ)

Verb

抽象

1. to form a general idea from particular circumstances; to abstract

Derived terms

• 抽象主義／抽象主义 (chōuxiàngzhǔyì)
• 抽象代數／抽象代数 (chōuxiàng dàishù)
• 抽象代數學／抽象代数学 (chōuxiàng dàishùxué)
• 抽象勞動／抽象劳动 (chōuxiàng láodòng)
• 抽象化 (chōuxiànghuà)
• 抽象名詞／抽象名词 (chōuxiàng míngcí)
• 抽象思維／抽象思维 (chōuxiàng sīwéi)
• 抽象畫／抽象画 (chōuxiànghuà)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
抽	象
ちゅう Grade: S	しょう Grade: 5
on’yomi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) • (chūshō) 

1. abstraction

Derived terms

• 抽象的(ちゅうしょうてき) (chūshōteki)
• 抽象化(ちゅうしょうか) (chūshōka)
• 抽象画(ちゅうしょうが) (chūshōga)

Verb

抽(ちゅう)象(しょう)する • (chūshō suru) suru (stem 抽(ちゅう)象(しょう)し (chūshō shi), past 抽(ちゅう)象(しょう)した (chūshō shita))

1. grasp the abstract points

Conjugation

Conjugation of "抽象する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	抽象し	ちゅうしょうし	chūshō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	抽象し	ちゅうしょうし	chūshō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	抽象する	ちゅうしょうする	chūshō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	抽象する	ちゅうしょうする	chūshō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	抽象すれ	ちゅうしょうすれ	chūshō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	抽象せよ¹ 抽象しろ²	ちゅうしょうせよ¹ ちゅうしょうしろ²	chūshō seyo¹ chūshō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	抽象される	ちゅうしょうされる	chūshō sareru
Causative	抽象させる 抽象さす	ちゅうしょうさせる ちゅうしょうさす	chūshō saseru chūshō sasu
Potential	抽象できる	ちゅうしょうできる	chūshō dekiru
Volitional	抽象しよう	ちゅうしょうしよう	chūshō shiyō
Negative	抽象しない	ちゅうしょうしない	chūshō shinai
Negative continuative	抽象せず	ちゅうしょうせず	chūshō sezu
Formal	抽象します	ちゅうしょうします	chūshō shimasu
Perfective	抽象した	ちゅうしょうした	chūshō shita
Conjunctive	抽象して	ちゅうしょうして	chūshō shite
Hypothetical conditional	抽象すれば	ちゅうしょうすれば	chūshō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Descendants

• → Chinese: 抽象 (chōuxiàng)
• → Korean: 추상 (chusang)
• → Vietnamese: trừu tượng

Korean

Hanja in this term
抽	象

Noun

抽象 • (chusang) (hangeul 추상)

1. Hanja form^? of 추상 (“abstraction”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
抽	象

Adjective

抽象

1. chữ Hán form of trừu tượng (“abstract”).