拯

拯 U+62EF, 拯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62EF ← 拮 [U+62EE] CJK Unified Ideographs 拰 → [U+62F0]

Translingual

Han character

拯 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手弓水一 (QNEM), four-corner 5701₃, composition ⿰扌丞)

Derived characters

• 𩄔

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 427, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11991
• Dae Jaweon: page 776, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1876, character 8
• Unihan data for U+62EF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		拯
alternative forms		丞 抍 𢮋

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (丞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蒸	*kljɯŋ
烝	*kljɯŋ, *kljɯŋs
篜	*klɯŋ
脀	*kljɯŋ
拯	*kljɯŋʔ
氶	*kljɯŋʔ
承	*ɡljɯŋ
丞	*ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs
巹	*klɯnʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljɯŋʔ) : semantic 手 + phonetic 丞 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; to rise; to raise”). Related to 承 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, “to receive”), 烝 (OC *kljɯŋ, “to offer (gifts, sacrifices, etc.)”), 登 (OC *tɯːŋ, “to mount; to rise”), 升 (OC *hljɯŋ, “to rise”) (Schuessler, 2007; Sagart and Baxter, 2012).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhěng (zheng³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cing²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): cen²

• Gan (Wiktionary): ziin³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́n
• Northern Min (KCR): cěng
• Eastern Min (BUC): cīng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chín / chéng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zing²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵tsen
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhen³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhěng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhěng
    • Wade–Giles: chêng³
    • Yale: jěng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeeng
    • Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cing²
    • Yale: chíng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsing²
    • Guangdong Romanization: qing²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪŋ³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: cen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰen⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ziin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɨn²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́n
    • Hakka Romanization System: ziin`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zin³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn³¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cěng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chín
    • Tâi-lô: tsín
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cien
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sin⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéng
    • Tâi-lô: tsíng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeang
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

Note:

• chín - vernacular;
• chéng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zing²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsíng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsen
    • MiniDict: tsen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zhen³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂən⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sən⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyingX

Rime
Character	拯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie
Baxter	tsyingX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕɨŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕieŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciŋX/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəŋX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhěng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*təŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kljɯŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	拯
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhěng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyingX ›
Old Chinese	/*təŋʔ/
English	lift up
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	拯
Reading #	1/1
No.	1410
Phonetic component	丞
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	拯
Old Chinese	/*kljɯŋʔ/
Notes	原音蒸上聲無切語， 此切爲五音集韻補

Definitions

拯

1. to rescue; to save; to aid

   • 勿導入試、拯我出惡 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     勿导入试、拯我出恶 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: 文理和合譯本, 馬太福音 [Matthew] 6:13

     wù dǎo rù shì, zhěng wǒ chū è [Pinyin]

     And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil

2. (literary) to lift; to raise

Compounds

• 匡拯 (kuāngzhěng)
• 哀拯
• 存拯
• 憐拯／怜拯
• 扶危拯溺
• 拔拯
• 拯危扶溺
• 拯卹
• 拯恤
• 拯拔
• 拯援
• 拯撫／拯抚
• 拯擢
• 拯救 (zhěngjiù)
• 拯治
• 拯溺
• 拯溺扶危
• 拯溺救焚
• 拯溺濟危／拯溺济危
• 拯濟／拯济
• 拯物
• 拯護／拯护
• 拯贍／拯赡
• 拯贖／拯赎
• 援拯
• 攜拯／携拯
• 救拯 (jiùzhěng)
• 救火拯溺
• 救焚拯溺
• 救饑拯溺／救饥拯溺
• 濟拯／济拯
• 濟時拯世／济时拯世

 

Japanese

Kanji

拯

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. help

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō)
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)
• Kan’yō-on: じょう (jō)
• Kun: すくう (sukuu, 拯う)

Korean

Hanja

拯 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)

1. help, save, aid
2. lift, raise

Vietnamese

Han character

拯: Hán Nôm readings: chửng

拯: Nôm readings: chẳng, chăng, chuộng

Adverb

1. No, not, negative particle.

See also

• 𫽄