Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term

Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
摩る
磨る
擂る

From Old Japanese,[1][2][3] from Proto-Japonic *suru. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *suri.

Pronunciation edit

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "擦る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
擦る [súꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 擦れ [súꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 擦られる られ [sùráréꜜrù]
Causative 擦らせる らせ [sùráséꜜrù]
Potential 擦れる [sùréꜜrù]
Volitional 擦ろう [sùróꜜò]
Negative 擦らない ない [sùráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 擦らなかった なかった [sùráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 擦ります りま [sùrímáꜜsù]
Perfective 擦った った [súꜜttà]
Conjunctive 擦って って [súꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 擦れば れば [súꜜrèbà]

Verb edit

() (surutransitive godan (stem () (suri), past ()った (sutta))

Japanese verb pair
active 擦る
mediopassive 擦れる
  1. [from 720] rub, scrub
  2. strike a match
  3. lose at gambling
Conjugation edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
かす
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
掠る

Cognate with 掠める (kasumeru, to rob) and かすか (kasuka, faint).[1]

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

(かす) (kasurutransitive godan (stem (かす) (kasuri), past (かす)った (kasutta))

Japanese verb pair
active 擦る
mediopassive 擦れる
  1. [from c. 1252-1267] to graze, to touch lightly
  2. to take a cut (of profits, etc.), to exploit, to extort
Conjugation edit

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
こす
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Possibly a compound of (ko) +‎ 擦る (suru, to rub).[1][4] The ko element might be (ko, powder, flour).[4]

Pronunciation edit

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "擦る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
擦る [kòsúꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 擦れ [kòsúꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 擦られる すられ [kòsúráréꜜrù]
Causative 擦らせる すらせ [kòsúráséꜜrù]
Potential 擦れる すれ [kòsúréꜜrù]
Volitional 擦ろう すろ [kòsúróꜜò]
Negative 擦らない すらない [kòsúráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 擦らなかった すらなかった [kòsúráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 擦ります すりま [kòsúrímáꜜsù]
Perfective 擦った った [kòsúꜜttà]
Conjunctive 擦って って [kòsúꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 擦れば れば [kòsúꜜrèbà]

Verb edit

(こす) (kosurutransitive godan (stem (こす) (kosuri), past (こす)った (kosutta))

Japanese verb pair
active 擦る
mediopassive 擦れる
  1. to rub
    ()こする
    me o kosuru
    to rub one's eyes
  2. to scrub, to scour
  3. to scrape, to scratch
Usage notes edit

This term is often spelled in hiragana.

Conjugation edit

Etymology 4 edit

Kanji in this term
なす
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Unknown. A surface analysis suggests a compound with the second element being 擦る (suru, to rub).

First cited to a text from circa 1809-1813.[5]

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

(なす) (nasurutransitive godan (stem (なす) (nasuri), past (なす)った (nasutta))

  1. to smear, to rub on to (something), to spread over (something)
    Synonym: 塗る (nuru)
  2. to lay blame on (someone), to attribute responsibility to (someone)
Conjugation edit

Etymology 5 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 擦る – see the following entry.
なぞる
[verb] to trace (something already written or drawn); to copy
[verb] to trace (with the finger)
(This term, 擦る, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

Etymology 6 edit

Kanji in this term
さす
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 擦る – see the following entry.
さす
[verb] rub a part of the body to alleviate pain etc.
(This term, 擦る, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References edit

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 Thorpe, Maner Lawton (1983) Ryūkyūan Language History[1], Doctoral dissertation. University of Southern California, page 322
  5. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000