敦
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Translingual edit
Han character edit
敦 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜木人大 (YDOK), four-corner 08440, composition ⿰享攵)
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 473, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13276
- Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1468, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6566
Chinese edit
simp. and trad. |
敦 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph origin edit
Historical forms of the character 敦 | ||
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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弴 | *tjuː, *tuːn |
敦 | *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns |
錞 | *duːlʔ, *duːls, *djun |
憝 | *duːls |
憞 | *duːls |
譈 | *duːls |
鐓 | *duːls |
鷻 | *doːn |
鶉 | *doːn, *djun |
惇 | *tuːn, *tjun |
墩 | *tuːn |
驐 | *tuːn |
燉 | *tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn |
焞 | *tʰuːn, *djun |
啍 | *tʰuːn, *duːn |
暾 | *tʰuːn |
噋 | *tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ |
諄 | *tjun, *tjuns |
埻 | *tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ |
稕 | *tjuns |
醇 | *djun |
淳 | *djun |
犉 | *njun |
Originally written 𦎫 in oracle bone script and bronze script, an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 亯 (“ancestral shrine”) + 羊 (“sheep”). Original meaning uncertain.
Later used to mean “to force; to compel” and came to be written with 攴, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns) : phonetic 𦎫 () + semantic 攴 (“hand”).
Etymology 1 edit
- “thick; earnest; plentiful; large”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t/d)ow-n (“thick”).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
敦
- † angry
- to urge
- † to advise and encourage
- † diligent
- earnest; honest; generous
- † intimate
- † thick
- † plentiful; rich
- † large
- † to attach importance to; to esteem; to revere
- † to put something down with great force
- A river in Shanxi
- a surname
Compounds edit
- 京斯敦 (Jīngsīdūn)
- 倫敦/伦敦 (Lúndūn)
- 倫敦宣言/伦敦宣言
- 倫敦影展/伦敦影展
- 倫敦鐵塔/伦敦铁塔
- 克敦孝行
- 厚厚敦敦
- 可敦
- 可賀敦/可贺敦
- 培敦
- 堥敦 (máodūn)
- 摩敦
- 敦世厲俗/敦世厉俗
- 敦仁
- 敦促 (dūncù)
- 敦倫/敦伦 (dūnlún)
- 敦化 (Dūnhuà)
- 敦厚 (dūnhòu)
- 敦品勵學/敦品励学 (dūnpǐnlìxué)
- 敦囑/敦嘱
- 敦坐
- 敦實/敦实 (dūnshi)
- 敦序
- 敦打
- 敦搠
- 敦敦實實/敦敦实实
- 敦樸/敦朴
- 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng)
- 敦煌壁畫/敦煌壁画
- 敦煌曲子
- 敦煌石室
- 敦煌石窟
- 敦睦 (dūnmù)
- 敦聘 (dūnpìn)
- 敦親睦鄰/敦亲睦邻
- 敦請/敦请 (dūnqǐng)
- 敦蹄刷腳/敦蹄刷脚
- 敦風厲俗/敦风厉俗
- 溫柔敦厚/温柔敦厚
- 王敦擊壺/王敦击壶
- 貝希斯敦/贝希斯敦 (Bèixīsīdūn)
- 鄧虜淪敦/邓虏沦敦
- 開普敦/开普敦 (Kāipǔdūn)
- 陪敦
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
敦
- (historical) ancient vessel used to hold grains
Compounds edit
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
敦
- † to administer; to manage
- 敦商之旅,克咸厥功。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Duī Shāng zhī lǚ, kè xián jué gōng. [Pinyin]
- [Wu] disposed of the troops of Shang;
He and his men shared equally in the achievement.
- † solitary
- † to throw
- † to force upon
- 王事敦我,政事一埤遺我。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Wángshì duī wǒ, zhèngshì yī pí yí wǒ. [Pinyin]
- The king's business is thrown on me,
And the affairs of our government are left to me more and more.
王事敦我,政事一埤遗我。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 4 edit
See 團 (OC *doːn).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
敦
- † clustered
- † Alternative form of 團/团 (tuán, “round”)
- 有敦瓜苦,烝在栗薪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu tuán guā kǔ, zhēng zài lì xīn. [Pinyin]
- There were the round bitter gourds hanging,
From the branches of the chestnut trees.
Etymology 5 edit
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
敦
Etymology 6 edit
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
敦
Etymology 7 edit
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
敦
- Only used in 敦恨.
Etymology 8 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 雕 (“to engrave; to inlay; to carve; carving; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 雕). |
Etymology 9 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 燾. (This character is a variant form of 燾). |
Etymology 10 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 淳 (“thick; honest; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 淳). |
Etymology 11 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 屯 (“village; hamlet; military camp; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 屯). |
Etymology 12 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 墩 (“mound; block of stone or wood; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 墩). |
Notes:
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Etymology 13 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 礅 (“large stone”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 礅). |
Notes:
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Etymology 14 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 蹾. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 蹾). |
Notes:
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Etymology 15 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 撴 (“to hold tight; to seize; to jolt; to thump”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 撴). |
Notes:
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References edit
- “敦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings edit
- Go-on: とん (ton); たい (tai)
- Kan-on: とん (ton); たい (tai)
- Kan’yō-on: つい (tsui)
- Kun: あつい (atsui, 敦い)
- Nanori: あつし (atsushi); つとむ (tsutomu)
Compounds edit
Etymology edit
Kanji in this term |
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敦 |
たい Jinmeiyō |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 敦 (MC twoj|twon|dwan|twonH).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Proper noun edit
- a male given name
References edit
Korean edit
Hanja edit
敦 (eumhun 다스릴 퇴 (daseuril toe))
敦 (eumhun 끊을 퇴 (kkeuneul toe))
敦 (eumhun 곱송거릴 퇴 (gopsonggeoril toe))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
敦: Hán Việt readings: đôn (
敦: Nôm readings: đon[1][2][3][5][6][7], run[1][2][3][4][6][7], xôn[2][5][4], xun[3][5][6], đôn[3][4][7], giun[4][6][7], dun[4][6][7], don[4][6][7], dồn[1][2], ton[3][5], rủn[3][6], gion[5][6], chon[1], trôn[1], đun[1], dôn[3], giôn[3], đùn[3], đũn[6], dún[7]
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Trần (2004).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Bonet (1899).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Hồ (1976).
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Génibrel (1898).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).