See also: and
U+6625, 春
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6625

[U+6624]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6626]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative forms

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There are minor differences in where the last stroke of the top component (top-left to bottom-right diagonal) starts – on the second horizontal stroke or on the third.

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 72, +5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手大日 (QKA), four-corner 50603, composition 𡗗)

Usage notes

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  • This character is not to be confused with (U+8202) which is visually similar but unrelated.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 493, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13844
  • Dae Jaweon: page 856, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1496, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6625

Chinese

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Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
           

Originally phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *tʰjun) : semantic (grass) + phonetic (OC *duːn, *tun, sprout) + semantic (sun). However, the sprout as a phonetic component can be another reference to plants growing. The sun was added later, thus leading to the intermediate version . Eventually, and merged into 𡗗.

The character itself is probably a variant of (OC *duːn, *tun) as they are equivalent for the meaning “spring” in Old Chinese literature. Unrelated to .

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms


𣇸
𣈤

Schuessler (2007) relates it to (OC *duːn, “(of plants) to begin to grow”); he also compares it Khmer ដុះ (doh, to grow; to germinate; to sprout), as well as 穿 (OC *kʰljon, *kʰljons, “to bore through”) (ibid.).

Sagart (2023b) relates it to a vulgar (i.e. ignoble and popular) word which means "egg", which lacked a character, whose modern reflexes are Meixian Hakka (cun1, egg, roe), Sixian Hakka (chhûn), and Cantonese (ceon1, egg, roe; testicle) (IPA: /t͡ʃʰɵn⁵⁵/); and for which he further reconstructs Old Chinese *tʰu[n] ~ *tʰu[r]. He further relates OC *tʰu[n] ~ *tʰu[r] to Bodo (India) dəy, Mizo tui, Proto-Karen *ʔdejᴮ, from tentative Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tʰur, (STEDT, however, reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d(w)əy (egg, testicle)) and notes a connection between "eggs" and Chinese new year season, as birds generally nest and lay eggs in the warmer months in the north [1].

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²¹/
/t͡sʰuən²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰuẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²⁴/
Xi'an /p͡fʰẽ²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /p͡fʰə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰyn⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sʰuən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sʰuen⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰun³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰəŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sʰən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷen³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰyʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰyan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰyn³³/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰyn³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰun⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃʰun²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰøn⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/
/t͡sʰyn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰøn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰuŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sun²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (24)
Final () (47)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsyhwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕʰiuɪn/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕʰʷin/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕʰjuen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/cʰwin/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕʰiuĕn/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ceon1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
chūn
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyhwin ›
Old
Chinese
/*tʰun/
English springtime

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 12573
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tʰjun/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. spring (season)
      ―  chūntiān  ―  spring
    四季如  ―  sìjìrúchūn  ―  to experience a moderate and pleasant climate throughout the year
  2. (literary) year; age
  3. spring scenery
  4. vitality; liveliness; energy; life
    妙手回  ―  miàoshǒuhuíchūn  ―  to effect a miraculous cure and bring the dying back to life
  5. love; lust
      ―  chūnqíng  ―  amorous feelings
      ―  chūn  ―  puberty
  6. a type of alcoholic drink which is fermented from spring to winter
See also
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Seasons in Mandarin · 四季 (sìjì, four seasons) (layout · text) · category
(chūn, spring) (xià, summer) (qiū, fall; autumn) (dōng, winter)

Usage notes

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In Chinese culture, upside-down is often used on CNY decorations and symbolizes the arrival of spring after a homophonic pun: (dào, “inverted”) = (dào, “to arrive”).

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (しゅん) (shun)
  • Korean: 춘(春) (chun)
  • Vietnamese: xuân ()

Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d(w)əj (egg; testicle) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Sagart (2023b) reconstructs Old Chinese *tʰu[n] ~ *tʰu[r] from tentative Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tʰur, some of whose other descendants are Bodo (India) dəy, Mizo tui, Proto-Karen *ʔdejᴮ, etc.; he also relates it to (chūn) "springtime" after noting a connection between eggs and Chinese new year season, as birds generally nest and lay eggs in the warmer months in the north (ibid.).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) egg; roe
    水蛇咁長水蛇咁长 [Cantonese]  ―  seoi2 se4 ceon1 gam3 coeng4 [Jyutping]  ―  extremely long or lengthy (literally, “as long as a chain of water snake eggs”)
  2. (Cantonese, vulgar) testicle
  3. (Cantonese, vulgar) goddamn, the hell
    [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    nei5 gaau2 mat1 ceon1 aa3? [Jyutping]
    What the fuck are you doing?
  4. (Cantonese, vulgar, always with the classifier) nothing; damn all; jack shit; bugger all (Classifier: c)
    Synonyms: , (tit3)
    [Cantonese, trad.]
    [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 sik1 tiu4 ceon1 me1? [Jyutping]
    What the hell do you know?
  5. (Cantonese, vulgar) negates the meaning of the sentence
    [Cantonese]  ―  gwaan1 nei5 ceon1 si6! [Jyutping]  ―  None of your damn business!
Synonyms
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Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
はる
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

/paru//ɸaru//haru/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) [háꜜrù] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA(key): [ha̠ɾɯ̟]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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(はる) (haru

  1. the spring (season)
    Synonyms: 春季 (shunki), 春期 (shunki)
  2. (by extension) the New Year
  3. adolescence, youth
  4. a heyday of one’s life
  5. a time of happiness after a long period of difficulty
  6. (slang, euphemistic) sexual intercourse
    (はる)をひさぐharu o hisaguto engage in prostitution(literally, “to sell sex)
Coordinate terms
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Seasons in Japanese · ()() (shiki, four seasons) (layout · text) · category
(はる) (haru, spring)
(しゅん)() (shunki, spring)
(しゅん)() (shunki, spring period)
(なつ) (natsu, summer)
()() (kaki, summer)
()() (kaki, summer period)
(あき) (aki, fall; autumn)
(しゅう)() (shūki, fall; autumn)
(しゅう)() (shūki, fall period)
(ふゆ) (fuyu, winter)
(とう)() (tōki, winter)
(とう)() (tōki, winter period)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
しゅん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC tsyhwin).

Affix

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(しゅん) (shun

  1. spring (season)
  2. New Year
  3. life, vitality
  4. lust, passion
  5. months and years
Derived terms
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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC tsyhwin).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 (Yale: chyùn)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 봄〮 (Yale: pwóm) (Yale: chyùn)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (bom chun))

  1. Hanja form? of (spring (season)). [affix]

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
はる
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

/ɸaru//haru/

Shift from faru below.

Cognate with mainland Japanese (haru).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(はる) (haru

  1. the spring (season)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
ふぁる
Grade: 2
irregular

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ふぁる) (faru

  1. (archaic) the spring (season)

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Japonic *paru. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

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(paru) (kana はる)

  1. the spring (season)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: (haru)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: xuân ((xu)(luân)(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
: Nôm readings: xuân[1][2][5][4][6][7], xoan[1][2][3][4][7]

  1. Chữ Hán form of xuân (spring (season)).

Compounds

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References

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