杜
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
杜 (radical 75 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木土 (DG), four-corner 44910, composition ⿰木土)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 512, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14477
- Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1157, character 2
- Unihan data for U+675C
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
杜 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 社 | *ɦljaːʔ |
| 肚 | *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ |
| 土 | *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ |
| 吐 | *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs |
| 芏 | *l̥ʰaːʔ |
| 杜 | *l'aːʔ |
| 靯 | *l'aːʔ |
| 荰 | *l'aːʔ |
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ
- Wade-Giles: tu4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duh
- IPA (key): /tu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: dou6
- Yale: douh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou6
- Guangdong Romanization: dou6
- IPA (key): /tou̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 杜 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tu⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /tu⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /tu⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /tu²/ | |
| Qingdao | /tu⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /tu³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /tu⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /tv̩²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /tu¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /tu¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /tu²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /təu³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /tu¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /tu²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /tu²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /tu⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /tu⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tu⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /tu³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /tu⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zo²³/ |
| Suzhou | /dəu³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /du¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /døy³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰu²²/ |
| Tunxi | /təu²⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /təu⁵⁵/ /təu¹¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /təɯ⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tʰu²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰu⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | ||
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tou²²/ |
| Nanning | /tu²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /tou²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /tɔ²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /tou²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /tu⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /tou³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ʔdu³³/ ～絕 /ʔdu³⁵/ 姓 |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 杜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒古切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/duoX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/duoX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/doX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/dɔX/ |
| Li Rong |
/doX/ |
| Wang Li |
/duX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/dʱuoX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dù |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 杜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12505 |
| Phonetic component |
土 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
杜 |
| Old Chinese |
/*l'aːʔ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
杜
- birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulifolia)
- acerb
- root
- to sever
- to reject; to stop; to prevent; to restrict
- to flush
- wide
- Asarum forbesii
- a state in modern Shaanxi
- A surname.
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
杜
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- careless
- woods; grove
- Chinese family name "Du"
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 杜撰 (zusan): careless, slipshod, faulty
- 杜松 (nezu)
- 杜氏 (toji): chief brewer at a sake brewery
- 杜漏 (zurō): careless, negligent
- 杜絶 (tozetsu), 途絶 (tozetsu): stoppage; interruption; cessation; suspension
- 杜若 (kakitsubata)
Derived termsEdit
- 杜撰脱漏 (zusandatsurō): careless (slipshod) and with many omissions
- 杜の都 (mori no miyako): lit. City of Trees. Nickname for Sendai, Japan
- 鎮守の杜 (chinju no mori): grove of the village shrine
SynonymsEdit
Usage notesEdit
杜 is included in a planned expansion of the general use Jōyō kanji by the Japanese government.
- The Japan Times (October 21, 2009). Get set for next year's overhaul of joyo kanji. Accessed February 23, 2010.
NounEdit
杜 (hiragana やまなし, rōmaji yamanashi)
Proper nounEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
杜 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune-Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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