杜

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

杜 (radical 75 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木土 (DG), four-corner 4491₀, composition ⿰木土)

1. stop, prevent
2. restrict
3. A surname​.

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 512, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14477
• Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1157, character 2
• Unihan data for U+675C

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		杜

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dù (du⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dou⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): tō͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: dù
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ
    • Wade-Giles: tu⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duh
    • IPA ^(key): /tu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dou⁶
    • Yale: douh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dou⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /tou̯²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
    • Tâi-lô: tōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: do
    • IPA (Taipei): /tɔ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 杜
Mandarin	Beijing	/tu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/tu⁵³/
	Tianjin	/tu⁵³/
	Jinan	/tu²/
	Qingdao	/tu⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/tu³¹²/
	Xi'an	/tu⁴⁴/
	Xining	/tv̩²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/tu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/tu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/tu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/təu³⁵/
	Chengdu	/tu¹³/
	Guiyang	/tu²¹³/
	Kunming	/tu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/tu⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/tu⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/tu³⁵/
	Hohhot	/tu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zo²³/
	Suzhou	/dəu³¹/
	Hangzhou	/du¹³/
	Wenzhou	/døy³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰu²²/
	Tunxi	/təu²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/təu⁵⁵/ /təu¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/təɯ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/tʰu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰu⁵³/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tou²²/
	Nanning	/tu²²/
	Hong Kong	/tou²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tɔ²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tou²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/tu⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/tou³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔdu³³/ ～絕 /ʔdu³⁵/ 姓

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• Middle Chinese: /duo^X/▼

Rime
Character	杜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒古切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duoX/
Pan Wuyun	/duoX/
Shao Rongfen	/doX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɔX/
Li Rong	/doX/
Wang Li	/duX/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuoX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dù

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杜
Reading #	1/1
No.	12505
Phonetic component	土
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	杜
Old Chinese	/*l'aːʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

杜

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

杜

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. careless
2. woods; grove
3. Chinese family name "Du"

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: ず (zu)
• Kan’on: と (to)
• Kun: もり (mori), ふさぐ (fusagu), やまなし (yamanashi)

CompoundsEdit

• 杜撰 (ずさん) ‎(zusan): careless, slipshod, faulty
• 杜松 (ねず) ‎(nezu)
• 杜氏 (とじ) ‎(toji): chief brewer at a sake brewery
• 杜漏 (ずろう) ‎(zurō): careless, negligent
• 杜絶 (とぜつ) ‎(tozetsu), 途絶 (とぜつ) ‎(tozetsu): stoppage; interruption; cessation; suspension
• 杜若 (かきつばた) ‎(kakitsubata)

Derived termsEdit

• 杜撰脱漏 (ずさんだつろう) ‎(zusandatsurō): careless (slipshod) and with many omissions
• 杜 (もり)の都 (みやこ) ‎(mori no miyako): lit. City of Trees. Nickname for Sendai, Japan
• 鎮守 (ちんじゅ)の杜 (もり) ‎(chinju no mori): grove of the village shrine

SynonymsEdit

• 森 (もり) ‎(mori)
• 途 (と) ‎(to)

Usage notesEdit

杜 is included in a planned expansion of the general use Jōyō kanji by the Japanese government.

• The Japan Times (October 21, 2009). Get set for next year's overhaul of joyo kanji. Accessed February 23, 2010.

NounEdit

杜 ‎(hiragana やまなし, romaji yamanashi)

1. Wild Japanese pear or mountain pear

Proper nounEdit

杜 ‎(hiragana と, romaji To)

1. 杜甫 (とほ) ‎(toho), a Chinese poet

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

杜 • ‎(du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune-Reischauer tu, Yale twu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

杜 (đỗ, đậu, đỏ, đổ, đuã)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.