杜

杜 U+675C, 杜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-675C
← 杛
[U+675B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 杝 →
[U+675D]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

杜 (radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木土 (DG), four-corner 44910, composition ⿰木土)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 512, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14477
  • Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1157, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+675C

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 杜

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
社 *ɦljaːʔ
肚 *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏 *l̥ʰaːʔ
杜 *l'aːʔ
靯 *l'aːʔ
荰 *l'aːʔ

PronunciationEdit

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 杜
Mandarin Beijing /tu⁵¹/
Harbin /tu⁵³/
Tianjin /tu⁵³/
Jinan /tu²/
Qingdao /tu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tu³¹²/
Xi'an /tu⁴⁴/
Xining /tv̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /tu¹³/
Lanzhou /tu¹³/
Ürümqi /tu²¹³/
Wuhan /təu³⁵/
Chengdu /tu¹³/
Guiyang /tu²¹³/
Kunming /tu²¹²/
Nanjing /tu⁴⁴/
Hefei /tu⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /tu⁴⁵/
Pingyao /tu³⁵/
Hohhot /tu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /du²³/
Suzhou /dəu³¹/
Hangzhou /du¹³/
Wenzhou /døy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /tʰu²²/
Tunxi /təu²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /təu⁵⁵/
/təu¹¹/
Xiangtan /təɯ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /tʰu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /tʰu⁵³/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /tou²²/
Nanning /tu²²/
Hong Kong /tou²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tɔ²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tou²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tu⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tou³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdu³³/ ～絕
/ʔdu³⁵/ 姓
Rime
Character 杜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒古切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duoX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/doX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dɔX/
Li
Rong 		/doX/
Wang
Li 		/duX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dou6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 杜
Reading # 1/1
No. 12505
Phonetic
component 		土
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		杜
Old
Chinese 		/*l'aːʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

杜

  1. birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulifolia)
  2. acerb
  3. root
  4. to sever
  5. to reject; to stop; to prevent; to restrict
  6. to flush
  7. wide
  8. Asarum forbesii
  9. ancient, pre-Qin state in modern Shaanxi
  10. A surname​.

DescendantsEdit

  • → English: Du, Tu

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

杜

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. careless
  2. woods; grove
  3. Chinese family name "Du"

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Derived termsEdit

SynonymsEdit

NounEdit

杜(やまなし) • (yamanashi) 

  1. Wild Japanese pear or mountain pear

Proper nounEdit

杜(と) • (To) 

  1. Du Fu, Chinese poet

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

杜 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Hán TựEdit

杜: Hán Việt readings: đỗ (動(động)五(ngũ)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], đổ[5]
杜: Nôm readings: đỗ[1][2][3][4][5][6], đậu[3][7][4][5][6], đổ[2][3][7], dỏ[4][5][6], đũa[1][3], đỏ[3][7], dỗ[1], đủ[1], giỗ[1], rổ[1], trỗ[1]

  1. Hán tự form of Đỗ (“surname”).

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Hồ (1976).
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