機
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TranslingualEdit
Japanese | 機∣机 |
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Simplified | 机 |
Traditional | 機∣机 |
Han characterEdit
機 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木女戈戈 (DVII), four-corner 42953, composition ⿰木幾)
Derived charactersEdit
Related charactersEdit
DescendantsEdit
- き (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
- キ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 554, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15561
- Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1298, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6A5F
Usage notesEdit
Note that in Japanese, both 机 and 機 are used with separate meanings (机: desk and 機: machine; airplane; chance) while in simplified Chinese, 机 is the simplified form of 機.
ChineseEdit
trad. | 機 | |
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simp. | 机* |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 機 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kɯl): semantic 木 + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
機
- weaving machine; spinning machine
- machine; apparatus; device
- (mostly in compounds) Short for 飛機 (“aircraft”).
- (mostly in compounds) Short for 手機 (“cellphone”).
- (mostly Cantonese) Short for 遊戲機 (“video game”).
- mechanism; process
- cause; reason
- secret; confidential (affair)
- opportunity; chance; crucial point
- plan; idea
- flexible; quick-witted
- organic
CompoundsEdit
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DescendantsEdit
Others:
- → Vietnamese: cơ
- → Thai: กี่ (gìi)
- → Northern Thai: ᨠᩦ᩵
- → Khün: ᨠᩦ᩵
- → Lao: ກີ່ (kī)
- → Lü: ᦂᦲᧈ (k̇ii¹)
- → Shan: ၵီႇ (kìi)
ReferencesEdit
- “機”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: け (ke)
- Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
- Kun: はた (hata, 機, Jōyō); こぶち (kobuchi); おり (ori, 機); わかつり (wakatsuri)
CompoundsEdit
Usage notesEdit
- Often used interchangeably in compounds with 器 (ki) to indicate “machine”, with the distinction that 機 implies a larger machine, such as an airplane, while 器 implies a smaller device, possibly hand-held. Compare 飛行機 (hikōki, “airplane”) with 検知器 (kenchiki, “sensor, detector”).
Alternative formsEdit
機 has many ryakuji (handwritten abbreviations), as it is a common character with many strokes (16):
- 40px A phono-semantic simplification from on'yomi of “ki” (katakana キ): 木 + キ (semantic plus simplified phonetic) – compare for 議 and for 魔/摩. Note that キ is itself a Heian-period simplification of 機.
- 40px Graphical simplification.
- 40px Graphical simplification.
- 40px Graphical simplification.
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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機 |
き Grade: 4 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 機/机 (kjɨj, “mechanism; opportunity, chance”). Compare modern Min Nan reading ki.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a machine, a device; a contraption
- a loom
- an opportunity, a chance to do something; the right time or moment
- something of great importance: the linchpin of the matter
- resourcefulness
- (Buddhism) the moment of being moved into action by the teachings of the Buddha: see 機根 (kikon)
- by extension, the workings of the heart or mind in general
- in Noh theater, the breath of the mind
- short for 飛行機 (hikōki): an airplane, an aircraft
- short for 機関銃 (kikanjū): a machine gun
IdiomEdit
- 機が熟する (ki ga jukusuru): the time is ripe; a golden opportunity
- 機に乗じる (ki ni jōjiru), 機に投じる (ki ni tōjiru): to sieze the moment, to jump at the chance
- 機に臨み変に応ずる (ki ni nozomi hen ni ōzuru), 機に応ずる (ki ni ōzuru): to move with the times
- 機に因って法を説く (ki ni yotte hō o toku): to change the message to suit one's audience: to alter the format or presentation for better acceptance, without changing the core ideas being conveyed
- 機を逸する (ki o issuru), 機を失する (ki o shissuru): to miss the boat, to miss out
CounterEdit
- indicates aircraft
- indicates paper aeroplanes
- indicates lives in video games
SuffixEdit
- indicates machines
- indicates airplanes
- 戦闘機
- sentōki
- a fighter aircraft
- 戦闘機
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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機 |
こぶち Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
Alteration from こうべうち (kōbeuchi),[3] itself a compound of 首 (kōbe, “head”) + 打ち (uchi, “striking, hitting”).[3][1]
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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機 |
はた Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
From onomatopoeic はた (hata), possibly for the sound of the shuttle running back and forth, or for the sound of a woven cloth moving in the wind, compare 旗 (hata, “a flag”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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機 |
わかつり Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 機る (wakatsuru, “to manipulate something”),[3] itself an alteration of 誘る (okotsuru, “to manipulate or con someone”),[3] a compound of 痴 (oko, “a fool”) + 釣る (tsuru, “to fish, to draw out”).[3]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- manipulation (as in a device)
- manipulation (as in a person): deception, taking someone in
- getting on someone's right side; humoring someone; an effort to please someone
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 機 (MC kɨi). Recorded as Middle Korean 긔 (kuy) (Yale: kuy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 기경 (機警, gigyeong)
- 기계 (機械, gigye)
- 기관 (機關, gigwan)
- 기교 (機巧, gigyo)
- 기구 (機構, gigu)
- 기근 (機根, gigeun)
- 기기 (機器, gigi)
- 기능 (機能, gineung)
- 기동 (機動, gidong)
- 기략 (機略, giryak)
- 기무 (機務, gimu)
- 기민 (機敏, gimin)
- 기밀 (機密, gimil)
- 기변 (機變, gibyeon)
- 기봉 (機鋒, gibong)
- 기선 (機先, giseon)
- 기심 (機心, gisim)
- 기업 (機業, gieop)
- 기연 (機緣, giyeon)
- 기운 (機運, giun)
- 기의 (機宜, giui)
- 기지 (機智, giji)
- 기축 (機軸, gichuk)
- 기회 (機會, gihoe)
- 계기 (契機, gyegi)
- 동기 (動機, donggi)
- 승기 (乘機, seunggi)
- 시기 (時機, sigi)
- 실기 (失機, silgi)
- 심기 (心機, simgi)
- 위기 (危機, wigi)
- 유기 (有機, yugi)
- 직기 (織機, jikgi)
- 천기 (天機, cheon'gi)
- 춘기 (春機, chun'gi)
- 타기 (舵機, tagi)
- 투기 (投機, tugi)
- 호기 (好機, hogi)
- 화기 (禍機, hwagi)
- 화기 (花機, hwagi)
- 기관차 (機關車, gigwancha)
- 기관총 (機關銃, gigwanchong)
- 대기실 (待機室, daegisil)
- 무기물 (無機物, mugimul)
- 신기축 (新機軸, sin'gichuk)
- 일기축 (一機軸, ilgichuk)
- 거중기 (擧重機, geojunggi)
- 건조기 (乾燥機, geonjogi)
- 경운기 (耕耘機, gyeong'un'gi)
- 계산기 (計算機, gyesan'gi)
- 굴착기 (掘鑿機, gulchakgi)
- 기중기 (起重機, gijunggi)
- 단엽기 (單葉機, danyeopgi)
- 발동기 (發動機, baldonggi)
- 복사기 (複寫機, boksagi)
- 복엽기 (複葉機, bogyeopgi)
- 비행기 (飛行機, bihaenggi)
- 사진기 (寫眞機, sajin'gi)
- 사출기 (射出機, sachulgi)
- 삼엽기 (三葉機, samyeopgi)
- 선풍기 (扇風機, seonpunggi)
- 세탁기 (洗濯機, setakgi)
- 수화기 (受話機, suhwagi)
- 승강기 (昇降機, seungganggi)
- 압착기 (壓搾機, apchakgi)
- 여객기 (旅客機, yeogaekgi)
- 원동기 (原動機, wondonggi)
- 윤전기 (輪轉機, yunjeon'gi)
- 인쇄기 (印刷機, inswaegi)
- 자판기 (自販機, japan'gi)
- 전화기 (電話機, jeonhwagi)
- 제설기 (除雪機, jeseolgi)
- 착암기 (鑿岩機, chagamgi)
- 청소기 (淸掃機, cheongsogi)
- 청음기 (聽音機, cheong'eumgi)
- 축음기 (蓄音機, chugeumgi)
- 타자기 (打字機, tajagi)
- 탐지기 (探知機, tamjigi)
- 폭격기 (爆擊機, pokgyeokgi)
- 항공기 (航空機, hanggonggi)
- 식기세척기 (食器洗滌機, sikgisecheokgi)
- 원심분리기 (遠心分離機, wonsimbulligi)
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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