機
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
Japanese | 機∣机 |
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Simplified | 机 |
Traditional | 機∣机 |
Han characterEdit
機 (radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木女戈戈 (DVII), four-corner 42953, composition ⿰木幾)
Derived charactersEdit
Related charactersEdit
DescendantsEdit
- き (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
- キ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 554, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15561
- Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1298, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6A5F
Usage notesEdit
Note that in Japanese, both 机 and 機 are used with separate meanings (机: desk and 機: machine; airplane; chance) while in simplified Chinese, 机 is the simplified form of 機.
ChineseEdit
trad. | 機 | |
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simp. | 机* |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 機 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (幾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
機 | *kɯl |
譏 | *kɯl |
嘰 | *kɯl |
磯 | *kɯl |
鞿 | *kɯl |
饑 | *kɯl |
禨 | *kɯl, *kɯls |
幾 | *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls |
鐖 | *kɯl |
僟 | *kɯl |
璣 | *kɯl |
蟣 | *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl |
穖 | *kɯlʔ |
畿 | *ɡɯl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kɯl): semantic 木 + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
機
- weaving machine; spinning machine
- machine; apparatus; device
- Short for 飛機 (“aircraft”).
- mechanism; process
- cause; reason
- secret; confidential (affair)
- opportunity; chance; crucial point
- plan; idea
- flexible; quick-witted
CompoundsEdit
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JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: け (ke)
- Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
- Kun: はた (hata, 機, Jōyō); こぶち (kobuchi); おり (ori, 機); わかつり (wakatsuri)
CompoundsEdit
Usage notesEdit
Often used interchangeably in compounds with 器 (ki) to indicate “machine”, with the distinction that 機 implies a larger machine, such as an airplane, while 器 implies a smaller device, possibly hand-held. Compare 飛行機 (hikōki, “airplane”) with 食器 (shokki, “tableware”).
Alternative formsEdit
機 has many ryakuji (handwritten abbreviations), as it is a common character with many strokes (16):
- A phono-semantic simplification from on'yomi of “ki” (katakana キ): 木 + キ (semantic plus simplified phonetic) – compare for 議 and for 魔/摩.
- Graphical simplification.
- Graphical simplification.
- Graphical simplification.
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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機 |
き Grade: 4 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 機 (kjɨj, “mechanism”). Compare modern Min Nan reading ki.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a machine, a device; a contraption
- a loom
- an opportunity, a chance to do something; the right time or moment
- something of great importance: the linchpin of the matter
- resourcefulness
- (Buddhism) the moment of being moved into action by the teachings of the Buddha: see 機根 (kikon)
- by extension, the workings of the heart or mind in general
- in Noh theater, the breath of the mind
- short for 飛行機 (hikōki): an airplane, an aircraft
- short for 機関銃 (kikanjū): a machine gun
IdiomsEdit
- 機が熟する (ki ga jukusuru): the time is ripe; a golden opportunity
- 機に乗じる (ki ni jōjiru), 機に投じる (ki ni tōjiru): to sieze the moment, to jump at the chance
- 機に臨み変に応ずる (ki ni nozomi hen ni ōzuru), 機に応ずる (ki ni ōzuru): to move with the times
- 機に因って法を説く (ki ni yotte hō o toku): to change the message to suit one's audience: to alter the format or presentation for better acceptance, without changing the core ideas being conveyed
- 機を逸する (ki o issuru), 機を失する (ki o shissuru): to miss the boat, to miss out
CounterEdit
- indicates aircraft
- indicates paper aeroplanes
SuffixEdit
- indicates machines
- indicates airplanes
- 戦闘機
- sentōki
- a fighter aircraft
- 戦闘機
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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機 |
こぶち Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
Alteration from こうべうち (kōbeuchi),[3] itself a compound of 首 (kōbe, “head”) + 打ち (uchi, “striking, hitting”).[3][1]
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
機 (hiragana こぶち, rōmaji kobuchi)
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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機 |
はた Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
From onomatopoeic はた (hata), possibly for the sound of the shuttle running back and forth, or for the sound of a woven cloth moving in the wind, compare 旗 (hata, “a flag”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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機 |
わかつり Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 機る (wakatsuru, “to manipulate something”),[3] itself an alteration of 誘る (okotsuru, “to manipulate or con someone”),[3] a compound of 痴 (oko, “a fool”) + 釣る (tsuru, “to fish, to draw out”).[3]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
機 (hiragana わかつり, rōmaji wakatsuri)
- to manipulate (as in a device)
- to manipulate (as in a person): to deceive, to take in someone
- to get on someone's right side; to humor someone; to make an effort to please someone
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
機 • (gi) (hangeul 기, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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