殺
See also: 杀
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TranslingualEdit
| Traditional | 殺 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 杀 |
| Japanese | 殺 |
| Korean | 殺 |
Alternative formsEdit
- In traditional Chinese (based on the modern character forms used in Taiwan and Hong Kong), the bottom left component is 朮 (𣎳 with an additional dot at its top right corner).
- In mainland China (based on the Xin Zixing (新字形) standardized character forms), the bottom left component is 朩 instead which is one stroke less.
- In Korean hanja, the bottom left component is 术, which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
- In Japanese shinjitai and Vietnamese Nôm, the bottom left component is 木 which is one stroke less.
- Three CJK Compatibility Ideographs exist for this character:
U+F970corresponds to the Japanese kyūjitai form containing 术 which is similar to the historical Kangxi form.U+FA96corresponds to the alternative Korean form which is similar to the Japanese shinjitai form containing 木.U+2F8F5is similar to the traditional form in Taiwan but has 𣎳 (without dot at top right corner) instead of 朮 as its bottom left component.
Han characterEdit
殺 (Kangxi radical 79, 殳+7 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 殳+6 in mainland China and Japanese, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 大金竹弓水 (KCHNE) or 大木竹弓水 (KDHNE), four-corner 47947, composition ⿰⿱㐅朩殳(G) or ⿰⿱㐅朮殳(HT) or ⿰⿱㐅木殳(JV or U+FA96) or ⿰⿱㐅术殳(K or U+F970) or ⿰⿱㐅𣎳殳(U+2F8F5))
Related charactersEdit
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 585, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16638
- Dae Jaweon: page 978, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2157, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6BBA
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 殺 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 杀* | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph originEdit
In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意) of a boar that had been impaled in the head.
In the seal script, the original compound was corrupted into 𣏂 (sometimes written as 杀). It was also in the seal script that the pictogram (象形): 人 (“person”) + 又 (“right hand”), which was later corrupted into 殳 (“spear”) or 攴, was added under the head of the boar to specify the killing was done by a person.
The modern-day character inherits this and can be thought of as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sreːds, *sreːd): phonetic 𣏂 + semantic 殳 (“spear”).
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b-sat (“to kill”); compare Tibetan བསད (bsad), perfect of Tibetan གསོད (gsod, “to kill”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sat (“to kill”), Japhug sat (“to kill”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
殺
- (transitive) to kill; to murder
- to ruin; to harm
- to fight
- (dialectal, transitive) to cut; to slice (fruit, food)
- (transitive) to abate; to reduce
- (regional, colloquial) to sting
- (chess) to mate; short for 將殺／将杀 (jiāngshā) ("to checkmate")
Usage notesEdit
- Normally, the subject of 殺 should be animate. The sentence "A tiger killed many people." can be validly translated as 老虎殺死數人, while the sentence "This accident killed many people." is seldom translated as *這次事故殺死數人. For death caused by non-living things, split forms of 致死 (zhìsǐ) are often used instead:
SynonymsEdit
- (to kill):
Synonyms of 殺
Dialectal synonyms of 殺 (“to kill (a person)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 殺 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 殺 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 殺 |
| Taiwan | 殺 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 殺 | |
| Jinan | 殺 | |
| Luoyang | 殺 | |
| Wanrong | 殺 | |
| Xi'an | 殺 | |
| Yinchuan | 殺 | |
| Wuhan | 殺 | |
| Chengdu | 殺 | |
| Guilin | 殺 | |
| Yangzhou | 殺 | |
| Nanjing | 殺 | |
| Hefei | 殺 | |
| Malaysia | 殺 | |
| Singapore | 殺 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 殺 |
| Hong Kong | 殺 | |
| Yangjiang | 殺 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 殺 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 殺 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 殺 |
| Lichuan | 殺 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 殺 |
| Yudu | 殺 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 殺 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 殺 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 殺 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 刣 |
| Fuqing | 殺 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 刣 |
| Quanzhou | 刣 | |
| Jinjiang | 刣 | |
| Yongchun | 刣 | |
| Zhangzhou | 刣 | |
| Tainan | 刣 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 刣 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 刣 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 刣 | |
| Chaozhou | 刣 | |
| Shantou | 刣 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 刣 | |
| Jieyang | 刣 | |
| Lufeng | 刣 | |
| Haifeng | 刣 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 刣 | |
| Leizhou | 殺 | |
| Wenchang | 殺 | |
| Haikou | 殺 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 殺 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 殺 | |
| Suzhou | 殺 | |
| Hangzhou | 殺 | |
| Wenzhou | 殺 | |
| Jinhua | 殺 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 殺 |
| Loudi | 殺 | |
| Shuangfeng | 殺 | |
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 殺
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Etymology 2Edit
From 衰 (OC *sʰrol, *srul, “to diminish; to decay”) + final *-t (Schuessler, 2007).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
殺
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
殺
Etymology 4Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
殺
Etymology 5Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
殺
Etymology 6Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 殺 – see 弒 (“to assassinate; to kill a superior”). (This character, 殺, is a variant form of 弒.) |
ReferencesEdit
- “殺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
| Shinjitai | 殺 | |
| Kyūjitai [1][2] |
殺 殺or 殺+ ︀?
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| 殺󠄀 殺+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 殺󠄃 殺+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
KanjiEdit
殺
(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 殺)
- to kill
ReadingsEdit
From Middle Chinese 殺 (MC ʃˠat̚):
From Middle Chinese 殺 (MC ʃˠɛiH):
From native Japanese roots:
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
- 暗殺 (ansatsu, “assassination”)
- 縊殺 (isatsu, “strangling to death”)
- 虐殺 (gyakusatsu, “massacre”)
- 殺害 (satsugai, “murder”)
- 殺人 (satsujin, “murder, homicide”)
- 殺伐 (satsubatsu)
- 殺戮 (satsuriku)
- 殺気 (sakki, “bloodlust”, literally “killing spirit”)
- 殺菌 (sakkin, “sterilization”)
- 殺傷 (sasshō, “violence, bloodshed”)
- 殺虫剤 (satchūzai, “insecticide”)
- 殺到 (sattō, “rush, flood (of people, letters, phone calls etc.)”)
- 殺風景 (sappūkei, “bleak, barren”, literally “killing the scenery”)
- 刺殺 (shisatsu)
- 自殺 (jisatsu, “suicide”)
- 殺生 (sesshō)
- 相殺 (sōsai, “cancelling out, offsetting”)
- 他殺 (tasatsu, “murder”)
- 殺陣 (tate, “stage combat”)
- 人殺し (hitogoroshi, “murderer”)
- 必殺 (hissatsu)
- 併殺 (heisatsu, “double play”)
- 抹殺 (massatsu, “erasure; denial”)
- 黙殺 (mokusatsu, “ignoring”, literally “killing with silence”)
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Chinese 殺 (MC ʃˠat̚).
| Historical readings |
|---|
|
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [살]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
- 교살 (絞殺, gyosal)
- 말살 (抹殺, malsal)
- 몰살 (沒殺, molsal)
- 박살 (搏殺, baksal)
- 사살 (射殺, sasal)
- 살상 (殺傷, salsang)
- 살충 (殺蟲, salchung)
- 살해 (殺害, salhae)
- 자살 (自殺, jasal)
- 총살 (銃殺, chongsal)
- 척살 (刺殺, cheoksal)
- 타살 (他殺, tasal)
- 피살 (被殺, pisal)
- 살의 (殺意, sarui)
- 묵살 (默殺, muksal)
- 독살 (毒殺, doksal)
- 살생 (殺生, salsaeng)
- 학살 (虐殺, haksal, “massacre; slaughter”)
- 도살 (屠殺, dosal, “slaughter (of animals)”)
- 살균 (殺菌, salgyun, “sterilization”)
- 살인 (殺人, sarin, “murder; killing; homicide”)
- 암살 (暗殺, amsal, “assassination”)
- 피살 (被殺, pisal, “being killed”)
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Chinese 殺 (MC ʃˠɛiH).
| Historical readings |
|---|
|
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰwɛ(ː)] ~ [sʰwe̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [쇄(ː)/쉐(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
- 뇌쇄 (惱殺, noeswae)
- 감쇄 (減殺, gamswae)
- 쇄도 (殺到, swaedo, “a rush”)
- 상쇄 (相殺, sangswae, “counteraction; neutralization; offsetting”)
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
殺: Hán Nôm readings: sát, sái, sít, sịt, sướt, sét, sượt
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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