浪

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

浪 (radical 85, 水+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水戈日女 (EIAV), four-corner 3713₂, composition ⿰氵良)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 624, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17482
Dae Jaweon: page 1022, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1634, character 6
Unihan data for U+6D6A

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		浪

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 浪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
剆	raːl, raːlʔ
郎	*raːŋ
稂	*raːŋ
桹	*raːŋ
鋃	*raːŋ
硠	*raːŋ
浪	raːŋ, raːŋs
蜋	raːŋ, raŋ
琅	*raːŋ
狼	*raːŋ
欴	*raːŋ
踉	raːŋ, raŋ, *raŋs
莨	raːŋ, raːŋs
艆	*raːŋ
駺	*raːŋ
躴	*raːŋ
筤	*raːŋ
閬	raːŋ, raːŋs
哴	raːŋ, raŋs
蓈	*raːŋ
廊	*raːŋ
榔	raːŋ, raːŋʔ
螂	*raːŋ
瑯	*raːŋ
朗	*raːŋʔ
朖	*raːŋʔ
誏	*raːŋʔ
俍	*raːŋʔ
崀	*raːŋʔ
埌	*raːŋs
蒗	*raːŋs
娘	*naŋ
良	*raŋ
粮	*raŋ
悢	*raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːŋ, *raːŋs): semantic 水 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

EtymologyEdit

May be a colloquial variant of 瀾／澜 (lán, “wave”). Probably not related to Tibetan དབའ་ཀློང (dba' klong, “wave”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): làng (lang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): лон (lon, III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): long

(Meixian, Guangdong): long⁴
Min Bei (KCR): lō̤ng
Min Dong (BUC): lông
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lōng

(Teochew, Peng'im): lang⁶ / neng⁷
Wu (Wiktionary): laan (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: làng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˋ
  - Wade–Giles: lang⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lanq
  - Tongyong Pinyin: làng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: лон (lon, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: long⁶
  - Yale: lohng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: long⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: long⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: long
  - Hakka Romanization System: long
  - Hagfa Pinyim: long⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /loŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: long⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lɔŋ⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lō̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ouŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lōng
  - Tâi-lô: lōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: long
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lang⁶ / neng⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lăng / nṳ̄ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ³⁵/, /nɯŋ¹¹/

Note:

lang6 - literary;
neng7 - vernacular.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: laan (T3)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑ̃²³/

Middle Chinese: /lɑŋ^H/

Rime
Character	浪
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	來宕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/laŋ^H/
Li Rong	/lɑŋ^H/
Wang Li	/lɑŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	làng

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*raːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	浪
Reading #	2/2
No.	8040
Phonetic component	良
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	浪
Old Chinese	/*raːŋs/

DefinitionsEdit

浪

wave
something resembling waves
dissolute
to stroll
Synonym: 逛 (guàng)
(dialectal Mandarin or slang) to amuse oneself; to have fun; to go out; to hang out
A surname.
(Wu) on, above
Synonym: 上 (shàng)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 浪

Pronunciation 2Edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): láng (lang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: láng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
  - Wade–Giles: lang²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
  - Tongyong Pinyin: láng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: long⁴
  - Yale: lòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: long⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: long⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: /lɑŋ/

Rime
Character	浪
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	魯當切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/laŋ/
Li Rong	/lɑŋ/
Wang Li	/lɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	láng

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*raːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	浪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	láng
Middle Chinese	‹ lang ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁaŋ/
English	(name of a river)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	浪
Reading #	1/2
No.	8016
Phonetic component	良
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	郎
Old Chinese	/*raːŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

浪

Only used in 滄浪／沧浪 (Cāngláng).

CompoundsEdit

滄浪／沧浪 (Cāngláng)
滄浪亭／沧浪亭

濯足滄浪／濯足沧浪

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

浪

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: らん (ran)
Kun: なみ (nami, 浪)

CompoundsEdit

NounEdit

浪(なみ) • (nami)

Alternative spelling of 波: waves

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 浪 (MC lɑŋ^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 라ᇰ〯 (Yale: lǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

PronunciationEdit

(initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [na̠ːŋ]
- Phonetic hangeul: [낭ː]
  - Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.
(non-initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangeul: [랑]