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減

減 U+6E1B, 減
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E1B
← 渚
[U+6E1A]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 渜 →
[U+6E1C]
See also: 减

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

減 (radical 85 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水戈竹口 (EIHR), four-corner 33150, composition ⿰氵咸)

  1. decrease, subtract, diminish

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 633, character 42
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17759
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1671, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6E1B

ChineseEdit

trad. 減
simp. 减

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
感 *kɯːmʔ
鱤 *kɯːmʔ
顑 *kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms
轗 *kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms
撼 *ɡɯːmʔ
憾 *ɡɯːms
喊 *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘 *krɯːm
瑊 *krɯːm, *kjum
黬 *krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm
減 *krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
羬 *ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram
麙 *ŋɡrɯːm
咸 *ɡrɯːm
鹹 *ɡrɯːm
醎 *ɡrɯːm
諴 *ɡrɯːm
椷 *ɡrɯːm
輱 *ɡrɯːm
鍼 *ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm
箴 *kjɯm
葴 *kjɯm
鱵 *kjum

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • kiám - vernacular;
  • kám - literary;
  • kiám - literary (Zhangzhou).
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 減
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕian¹³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiã⁵³/
Xining /t͡ɕiã⁵³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕian⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕian⁴²/
/kan⁴²/
Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ̃⁵³/
Nanjing /t͡ɕien²¹²/
Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁵³/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ke⁵³/
Suzhou /ke̞⁵¹/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiẽ̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /ka³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕie³⁵/
/kɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /kɔ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /kan⁴¹/
Xiangtan /kan⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /kan²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /kam³¹/
Taoyuan /kɑm³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kam³⁵/
Nanning /kam³⁵/
Hong Kong /kam³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kam⁵³/
/kiam⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɛiŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kaŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kiam⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kiam²¹³/
Rime
Character 減 減
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 咸 (151) 咸 (151)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II II
Fanqie 下斬切 古斬切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠɛmX/ /kˠɛmX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚæmX/ /kᵚæmX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɐmX/ /kɐmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦəɨmX/ /kəɨmX/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɐmX/ /kɐmX/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɐmX/ /kɐmX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣămX/ /kămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiàn jiǎn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 減 減
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiǎn jiǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hɛmX › ‹ kɛmX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-kˤr[ə]mʔ/ /*kˤr[ə]mʔ/
English abridge reduce

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 減 減
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 13509 13521
Phonetic
component		 咸 咸
Rime
group		 侵 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 鹼 豏
Old
Chinese		 /*krɯːmʔ/ /*ɡrɯːmʔ/

VerbEdit

減

  1. to subtract

AntonymsEdit

  • 加 (jiā, “to add”)

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

減

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

SuffixEdit

減 (hiragana げん, rōmaji -gen)

  1. reduction

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

減 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune-Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

減 (giảm, dởm, xảm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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