減

See also: 减

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

減 (radical 85 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水戈竹口 (EIHR), four-corner 3315₀)

1. decrease, subtract, diminish

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 633, character 42
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17759
• Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1671, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6E1B

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ChineseEdit

trad.		減
simp.		减

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiǎn (jian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kám
• Min Nan (POJ): kiám

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
    • Wade-Giles: chien³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaam²
    • Yale: gáam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaam²
    • IPA ^(key): /kɑːm³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kám
    • Hakka Romanization System: gam`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gam³
    • IPA: /kam³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiám
    • Tâi-lô: kiám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiarm
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiam⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiam⁵³/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 減
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕian²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕian²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕian¹³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiã⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiɛn⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕian⁴²/ /kan⁴²/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɛ̃⁵³/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕien²¹²/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiĩ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie⁵³/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiɑŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕie⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ke⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ke̞⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕiẽ̞⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ka³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕie³⁵/ /kɛ³⁵/
	Tunxi	/kɔ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kan⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/kan⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/kan²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/kam³¹/
	Taoyuan	/kɑm³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kam³⁵/
	Nanning	/kam³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kam³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kam⁵³/ /kiam⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kɛiŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kaŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kiam⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kiam²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛm^X/, /kˠɛm^X/▼

Rime
Character	減	減
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	下斬切	古斬切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛmX/	/kˠɛmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæmX/	/kᵚæmX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐmX/	/kɐmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨmX/	/kəɨmX/
Li Rong	/ɣɐmX/	/kɐmX/
Wang Li	/ɣɐmX/	/kɐmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣămX/	/kămX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn	jiǎn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*m-kˤr[ə]mʔ/, /*kˤr[ə]mʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯːmʔ/, /*ɡrɯːmʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	減	減
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǎn	jiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛmX ›	‹ kɛmX ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kˤr[ə]mʔ/	/*kˤr[ə]mʔ/
English	abridge	reduce
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	減	減
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13509	13521
Phonetic component	咸	咸
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	鹼	豏
Old Chinese	/*krɯːmʔ/	/*ɡrɯːmʔ/

VerbEdit

減

1. to subtract

AntonymsEdit

• 加 (jiā, “to add”)

Derived termsEdit

• 減肥／减肥 (jiǎnféi, “to lose weight”)
• 减半
• 减产 ‎(jiǎnchǎn)
• 减充血剂 (jiǎn chōng xiě jì)
• 减除
• 减低
• 减额
• 减法
• 减号
• 减河
• 减缓
• 减价 ‎(jiǎnjià)
• 减慢
• 减免
• 减轻 ‎(jiǎnqīng)
• 减却
• 减弱 ‎(jiǎnruò)
• 减色
• 减少 ‎(jiǎnshǎo)
• 减数
• 减数分裂
• 减税
• 减速 ‎(jiǎnsù)
• 减速剂
• 减速运动
• 减损
• 减缩
• 减退
• 减薪
• 减刑
• 减削
• 减压
• 减员
• 减震器

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

減

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: けん (ken) (non-Jōyō reading), げん (gen)
• Kan’on: かん (kan) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kun: へる (heru), へらす (herasu)

SuffixEdit

減 ‎(hiragana げん, romaji -gen)

1. reduction

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

減 • ‎(gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune-Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

減 (giảm, dởm, xảm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.