港

See also: 巻

港	U+6E2F, 港 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E2F

← 渮
[U+6E2E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

渰 →
[U+6E30]

港	U+2F908, 港 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F908

← 洴
[U+2F907]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

湮 →
[U+2F909]

TranslingualEdit

Japanese	港
Simplified	港
Traditional	港

Alternative formsEdit

Note that, as in 巷, in Chinese, the bottom is 巳, while in Japanese, the bottom is 己.

Han characterEdit

港 (radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水廿金山 (ETCU), four-corner 3411₇, composition ⿰氵巷)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 635, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17783
Dae Jaweon: page 1042, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1668, character 7
Unihan data for U+6E2F

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		港
alternative forms		𣿑

Wikipedia has articles on:

港 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
港 (Cantonese)
káng (Min Nan)

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
港	kroːŋʔ, ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	ɡroːŋs, ɡloːŋs
烘	qʰloːŋ, qʰloːŋs, ɡoːŋ, ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	kloŋ, kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	kloŋ, kloŋʔ
共	kloŋ, ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	kloŋʔ, kloɡ
蛬	kloŋʔ, ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	kloŋʔ, ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs): semantic 水 (“river; water”) + phonetic 巷 (OC *ɡroːŋs).

Etymology 1Edit

Cognate with 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “river”) (Schuessler, 2007). The southern dialectal word originally meant "small river/stream", which is still preserved in some Min languages. The irregular pronunciation in Mandarin (expected Mandarin reflex is *jiǎng) originated from southern dialects where velars have not palatalized (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): gǎng (gang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄤˇ

(Chengdu, SP): gang³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): gong²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kong²
Gan (Wiktionary): gong³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kóng

(Meixian, Guangdong): guong³
Jin (Wiktionary): gon³
Min Bei (KCR): gǒ̤ng
Min Dong (BUC): gē̤ng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): káng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang²
Wu (Wiktionary): kaan (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): gan³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˇ
  - Wade–Giles: kang³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaang
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǎng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: gang³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gong²
  - Yale: góng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gong²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: gong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔŋ²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kóng
  - Hakka Romanization System: gong`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gong³
  - Sinological IPA: /koŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: guong³
  - Sinological IPA: /kuɔŋ³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gon³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kɒ̃⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔŋ²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gē̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /køyŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káng
  - Tâi-lô: káng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: karng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: káng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: kaan (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑ̃³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: gan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kan⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /kˠʌŋ^X/

Rime
Character	港
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	江 (9)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古項切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠʌŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚɔŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kɔŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨwŋ^X/
Li Rong	/kɔŋ^X/
Wang Li	/kɔŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɔŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kroːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	港
Reading #	1/2
No.	4150
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	講
Old Chinese	/*kroːŋʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

港

tributary of a larger river or lake
(dialectal) river
port; harbor
large airport
Short for 香港 (Xiānggǎng, “Hong Kong”).
港人治港 [Cantonese] ― gong² jan⁴ zi⁶ gong² [Jyutping] ― Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong
(colloquial) Hong Kong-styled
(Hokkien) Classifier for fluids: stream
A surname.

Usage notesEdit

Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation jiǎng.

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 港

下港 (ē-káng) (Min Nan)
不凍港／不冻港 (bùdònggǎng)
伸港 (Shēngǎng)
入港 (rùgǎng)
內港／内港
六港 (Liùgǎng)
出港 (chūgǎng)
北方大港
北港 (Běigǎng)
北港鎮／北港镇
千足港條／千足港条
南港 (Nángǎng)
卡港會議／卡港会议
商港 (shānggǎng)
四港 (Sìgǎng)
塘沽新港
塞得港
外港
太子港 (Tàizǐgǎng)
太湖港 (Tàihúgǎng)
安平港
封港
小港 (Xiǎogǎng)
工業港／工业港
巨港 (Jùgǎng)
布雷爾港／布雷尔港
引港 (yǐngǎng)
新港 (Xīngǎng)
新港口 (Xīngǎngkǒu)
新港鄉／新港乡
斷港絕潢／断港绝潢
木港 (Mùgǎng)
東港／东港 (Dōnggǎng)
榆林港 (Yúlíngǎng)
正港 (chiàⁿ-káng) (Min Nan)

毛家港 (Máojiāgǎng)
汊港
河口港
洋港 (Yánggǎng)
海港 (hǎigǎng)
海港檢疫／海港检疫
港九 (Gǎng-Jiǔ)
港共 (Gǎnggòng)
港劇／港剧 (gǎngjù)
港務／港务 (gǎngwù)
港務局／港务局 (gǎngwùjú)
港北 (Gǎngběi)
港南 (Gǎngnán)
港口 (gǎngkǒu)
港商 (gǎngshāng)
港埠 (gǎngbù)
港子 (Gǎngzǐ)
港客
港尾 (Gǎngwěi)
港島／港岛 (Gǎngdǎo)
港市 (gǎngshì)
港幣／港币 (gǎngbì)
港式 (gǎngshì)
港星 (gǎngxīng)
港汊
港澳 (Gǎng-Ào)
港澳辦／港澳办 (Gǎng'àobàn)
港灣／港湾 (gǎngwān)
港片
港紙／港纸 (gǎngzhǐ)
港臺／港台 (Gǎng-Tái)
港臺文學／港台文学
港警 (gǎngjǐng)
港豬／港猪 (gǎngzhū)
港都

漁港／渔港 (yúgǎng)
珍珠港 (Zhēnzhūgǎng)
省港大罷工／省港大罢工 (Shěng-Gǎng Dàbàgōng)
自由港 (zìyóugǎng)
臺中港／台中港
航空港 (hángkōnggǎng)
草港 (Cǎogǎng)
虎門港／虎门港
西港 (Xīgǎng)
西班牙港 (Xībānyágǎng)
貔子窩港／貔子窝港
赤馬港／赤马港 (Chìmǎgǎng)
超深水港
軍港／军港 (jūngǎng)
通商港 (tōngshānggǎng)
連雲港／连云港 (Liányúngǎng)
避風港／避风港 (bìfēnggǎng)
鄢港 (Yāngǎng)
里港 (Lǐgǎng)
金港 (Jīngǎng)
長港／长港 (Chánggǎng)
陳家港／陈家港 (Chénjiāgǎng)
陳港／陈港 (Chéngǎng)
陶港 (Táogǎng)
雙港／双港 (Shuānggǎng)
領港／领港 (lǐnggǎng)
香港 (Xiānggǎng)
香港腳／香港脚 (xiānggǎngjiǎo)
香港衫
馬尾港／马尾港
馬賽港／马赛港
高雄港
鹿港 (Lùgǎng)
黃石港／黄石港 (Huángshígǎng)
龍港／龙港 (Lónggǎng)

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hòng (hong⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˋ
  - Wade–Giles: hung⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: honq
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦuŋ^H/

Rime
Character	港
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡貢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəwŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ɣuŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ɣuŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡloːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	港
Reading #	2/2
No.	4163
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	哄
Old Chinese	/*ɡloːŋs/
Notes	見馬融賦

DefinitionsEdit

港

Only used in 港洞.

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

港

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←こう (kou, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: みなと (minato, 港, Jōyō)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms

EtymologyEdit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

港

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
港
みなと Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese: 水(み) (mi, “water”) + な (na, possessive particle) + 門(と) (to, “gate”). Attested in the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki as 水門.

Alternative formsEdit

湊

PronunciationEdit

Audio
(file)

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) みなと [mìnátó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mʲina̠to̞]

NounEdit

港(みなと) • (minato)

port

Proper nounEdit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

港区

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Minato, Tokyo

Wikipedia

港(みなと) • (Minato)

Minato (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)
A male given name

ReferencesEdit

^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 港 (MC kˠʌŋ^X).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	가ᇰ〯 (Yale: kǎng)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[1]	개〮 (Yale: káy)	하ᇰ〯 (Yale: hǎng)

PronunciationEdit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ha̠(ː)ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [항(ː)]
- Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

港

Wikisource

港 (eumhun 항구(港口) 항 (hanggu hang))

Hanja form^? of 항 (“harbour; port”). [noun]

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

공항 (空港, gonghang)
항만 (港灣, hangman)
항구 (港口, hanggu)
출항 (出港, chulhang)
입항 (入港, iphang)
개항 (開港, gaehang)
어항 (漁港, eohang)
외항 (外港, oehang)
부동항 (不凍港, budonghang)

ReferencesEdit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

港: Hán Nôm readings: cảng

Hán tự form of cảng (“port; harbor”).

[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]