溺

See also: 尿

溺 U+6EBA, 溺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6EBA ← 溹 [U+6EB9] CJK Unified Ideographs 溻 → [U+6EBB]

Translingual

Han character

溺 (radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水弓一一 (ENMM), four-corner 3712₇, composition ⿰氵弱)

Derived characters

• 𡀡, 𡣄, 𦡥, 𬉪

References

• KangXi: page 641, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17990
• Dae Jaweon: page 1048, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1710, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6EBA

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (弱) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
嫋	*neːwʔ
弱	*njewɢ
溺	*njewɢ, *neːwɢ
蒻	*njewɢ
搦	*rneːwɢ, *rnaːwɢ
愵	*neːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njewɢ, *neːwɢ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 弱 (OC *njewɢ).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		溺
variant forms		㲻 氼

Schuessler (2007) proposes the following possibilities:

• Related to Burmese နစ် (nac, “to sink; to drown”), Burmese နှစ် (hnac, “to immerse”), but the vowels do not agree.
• Related to Burmese နှိုက်း (hnuik:, “to penetrate; to put one's hand into”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nì (ni⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nik⁶, nik¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ni̍t
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): le̍k / lia̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nêg⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: nì
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
    • Wade–Giles: nih⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: nik⁶, nik¹
    • Yale: nihk, nīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nik⁹, nik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: nig⁶, nig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɪk̚²/, /nɪk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ni̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: nid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nid⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /nit̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
    • Tâi-lô: li̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lek
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: nêg⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ne̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nek̚⁴/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 溺
Mandarin	Beijing	/ni⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ni⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ni⁵³/
	Jinan	/ȵi²¹/
	Qingdao	/ni⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ni³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ni²¹/
	Xining	/mji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ni¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ȵi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ȵi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ni²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ȵie³¹/ /ȵi³¹/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹/
	Kunming	/ni³¹/
	Nanjing	/liʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/liəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/niəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ȵiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/niəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ni²²/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵi²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ȵi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/nit̚¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/nek̚²/
	Nanning	/nek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/nek̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/niʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ni²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/nek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/niɔk̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /nek̚/▼

Rime
Character	溺
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	奴歷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/nek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/nɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/nek̚/
Wang Li	/niek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/niek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nì

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤewk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*neːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	溺
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nì
Middle Chinese	‹ nek ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁewk/
English	to sink in water
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	溺
Reading #	2/2
No.	10952
Phonetic component	弱
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	惄
Old Chinese	/*neːwɢ/

Definitions

溺

1. to drown
2. to indulge
3. A surname​.

Compounds

• 人溺己溺
• 大水沖溺／大水冲溺
• 己飢己溺／己饥己溺
• 惑溺
• 扶危拯溺
• 拯危扶溺
• 拯溺
• 拯溺扶危
• 拯溺救焚
• 拯溺濟危／拯溺济危
• 授手援溺
• 援溺振渴

• 救焚拯溺
• 桀溺
• 沉溺 (chénnì)
• 沒溺／没溺
• 沮溺
• 溺信
• 溺嬰／溺婴 (nìyīng)
• 溺志
• 溺愛／溺爱 (nì'ài)
• 溺斃／溺毙 (nìbì)
• 溺死 (nìsǐ)

• 溺水 (nìshuǐ)
• 溺職／溺职 (nìzhí)
• 溺谷
• 溺途
• 焚溺
• 網路沉溺症／网路沉溺症
• 耽溺
• 見溺不救／见溺不救
• 鍾溺／钟溺
• 陷溺
• 飢溺為懷／饥溺为怀

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		溺

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): niào (niao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): niu⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: niào
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄠˋ
    • Wade–Giles: niao⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niaw
    • Tongyong Pinyin: niào
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /njɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: niu⁶
    • Yale: niuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: niu⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: niu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːu̯²²/

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• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kə.nˤewk-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	溺
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	niào
Middle Chinese	‹ newH ›
Old Chinese	/*kə.nˁewk-s/
English	urine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

溺

1. Alternative form of 尿 (niào, “urine; to urinate”).

Compounds

• 便溺 (biànniào)
• 屎溺
• 撒溺

• 溲溺
• 溺器
• 溺窩子／溺窝子

• 貓溺／猫溺
• 道在屎溺 (dàozàishǐniào)
• 阿金溺銀／阿金溺银

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		溺

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ruò (ruo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄛˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: ruò
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄛˋ
    • Wade–Giles: juo⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruoh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ruò
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐwɔ⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ȵɨɐk̚/▼

Rime
Character	溺
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而灼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨak̚/
Li Rong	/ȵiak̚/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ruò

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*njewɢ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	溺
Reading #	1/2
No.	10948
Phonetic component	弱
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	若
Old Chinese	/*njewɢ/

Definitions

溺

1. ^‡ Alternative form of 弱 (ruò, “name of a river”).
2. ^† Alternative form of 弱 (ruò, “weak”).

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Japanese

Kanji

溺

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): でき (deki, Jōyō); じょう (jō); にょう (nyō)
• Kun: おぼれる (oboreru, 溺れる, Jōyō); いばり (ibari, 溺)

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Korean

Hanja

溺 • (nik>ik, nyo>yo) (hangeul 닉>익, 뇨>요, revised nik>ik, nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer nik>ik, nyo>yo, Yale nik>ik, nyo>yo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

溺: Hán Nôm readings: nịch, niệu, nịu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation