烏
| ||||||||
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
烏 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹口卜火 (HRYF), four-corner 27327, composition ⿱丿⿹⿺㇉⿱コ一灬)
Derived charactersEdit
Related charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 670, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18998
- Dae Jaweon: page 1079, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2202, character 3
- Unihan data for U+70CF
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 烏 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 乌 | |
| alternative forms | 𠂶 𡖗 𡗃 𤚶 𥾪 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 烏 | |
|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
|
|
Pictogram (象形) – a bird. Compare 鳥 (“bird”), of similar development.
EtymologyEdit
- “crow; black; dark”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (“crow”) (STEDT). Cognate with 鴉 (OC *qraː, “crow; raven”), which retains the earlier vowel in Middle Chinese (*ʔˠa), and 鸒 (OC *la, *las, “jackdaw”).
- Schuessler (2007) considers it to be onomatopoeic, and compares it with Proto-Loloish *akᴸ (“crow”).
- “Black; dark” is a semantic extension of “crow” – “black as a crow”. Compare 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”), which is cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).
- “sun”
- The Three-legged crow was thought to reside in the Sun.
- interrogative pronoun
- Related to the following interrogative pronouns with similar phonological shapes in Old Chinese (Wang, 1982), with differing suffixes:
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
烏
- crow; raven; rook
- (obsolete, metonymically) sun
- (literary or in compounds or Hakka, Min) black; dark
- 烏雲／乌云 ― wūyún ― dark cloud
- 烏油油／乌油油 ― wūyóuyóu ― glossy black
- 嘴唇發烏／嘴唇发乌 ― zuǐchún fā wū ― one's lips turn black
- 匈奴騎，其西方盡白馬，東方盡青駹馬，北方盡烏驪馬，南方盡騂馬。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Xiōngnú qí, qí xīfāng jìn báimǎ, dōngfāng jìn qīng máng mǎ, běifāng jìn wū lí mǎ, nánfāng jìn xīng mǎ. [Pinyin]
- The mounted troops of the Xiongnu on the west all had white horses; on the east, all blue-green horses; on the north, all black horses; on the south, all red horses.
匈奴骑，其西方尽白马，东方尽青𮪡马，北方尽乌骊马，南方尽骍马。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to dye black
- (literary) An interrogative pronoun with a variety of meanings, including "how", "why", "where", etc.
- Short for 烏克蘭／乌克兰 (Wūkèlán, “Ukraine”).
- a surname
SynonymsEdit
See alsoEdit
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 烏
|
|
|
ReferencesEdit
- “烏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02407
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
烏
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: う (u)
- Kan-on: お (o)←を (wo, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: え (e)
- Kun: からす (karasu, 烏); いずくんぞ (izukunzo, 烏んぞ)←いづくんぞ (idukunzo, historical); なんぞ (nanzo, 烏ぞ)
CompoundsEdit
- 烏賊 (ika): squid, cuttlefish
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 烏 |
| からす Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 烏 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 烏, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 烏 |
| う Jinmeiyō |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 烏 (MC ʔuo).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.
PronunciationEdit
AffixEdit
- crow; raven
- black; dark
- (figuratively) sun
- A Chinese interrogative for rhetorical questions.
- 烏有 ― uyū ― (literally “not-have”) nonexistence; nothing
Derived termsEdit
KikaiEdit
Alternative formsEdit
KanjiEdit
烏 (hiragana がらさー, romaji garasā, hiragana がるさー, romaji garusā)
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).
NounEdit
烏 (hiragana がらさー, romaji garasā, hiragana がるさー, romaji garusā)
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
Northern Amami-OshimaEdit
Alternative formsEdit
KanjiEdit
烏 (hiragana からすぃ, romaji karasi)
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).
NounEdit
Oki-No-ErabuEdit
Alternative formsEdit
KanjiEdit
烏 (hiragana がらし, romaji garashi)
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).
NounEdit
OkinawanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
KanjiEdit
烏 (hiragana がらし, romaji garashi)
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).
NounEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
YonaguniEdit
Alternative formsEdit
KanjiEdit
烏 (hiragana がらち, romaji garachi)
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).