熱
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
熱 (radical 86 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土戈火 (GIF), four-corner 45331, composition ⿱埶灬)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 681, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19360
- Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2230, character 10
- Unihan data for U+71B1
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 熱 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 热 | |
| alt. forms | 𤍠 𤉟 𤋩 𤎮 𪌌 |
|
Glyph originEdit
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋjed): phonetic 埶 (OC *ŋeds) + semantic 灬 (“fire”).
EtymologyEdit
Schuessler (2007) considers this a *-t derivation of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwe (“warm”) (with initial *n- ~ ŋ- vacillation), whence also Burmese နွေး (nwe:, “warm; lukewarm”) and နွှေး (hnwe:, “to warm something; to revise”).
Often considered to be related to 爇 (OC *ŋʷjed, “to burn; to toast”) and 焫 (OC *njod, “hot”).
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jit6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngie̍t / ngia̍t
- Min Dong (BUC): iĕk
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): nyiq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄜˋ
- Wade-Giles: jê4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reh
- IPA (key): /ʐɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jit6
- Yale: yiht
- Cantonese Pinyin: jit9
- IPA (key): /jiːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngie̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: ngied
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiad6
- IPA: /ɲi̯et̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngia̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiad
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiad6
- IPA: /ɲi̯at̚⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕk
- IPA (key): /ieʔ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: joa̍h
- Tâi-lô: jua̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: joah
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zuaʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jia̍t
- Tâi-lô: jia̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: jiat
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑiɛt̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loa̍h
- Tâi-lô: lua̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: loah
- IPA (Quanzhou): /luaʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /luaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t
- Tâi-lô: lia̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: liat
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛt̚²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /liɛt̚⁴/
- Note: jia̍t, lia̍t - literary; joa̍h, loa̍h - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ruah8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jua̍h
- IPA (key): /d͡zuaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nyiq (T5)
- IPA (key): /ȵi̯ɪʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 熱 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐɤ⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /ʐɤ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /iɤ⁵³/ /ʐɤ⁵³/ |
|
| Jinan | /ʐə²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /iə⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʐʐ̩ɛ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʐɤ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ʐɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʐə¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʐə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʐɤ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /nɤ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ze³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /zɛ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʐə³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʐəʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /ʐɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zaʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /ʐʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ʐaʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiɪʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /ȵiəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zz̩ʷəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ȵi²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ne²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ȵia¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ye²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ie²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lɛʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiat̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋiet̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jit̚²/ |
| Nanning | /jit̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jit̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /liat̚⁵/ /luaʔ⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ieʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /iɛ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ziak̚⁵/ /zuaʔ⁵/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /zit̚³/ /zua³³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 熱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (81) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如列切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵiᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ȵiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑjæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵiat̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȵiɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
rè |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 熱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
rè |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nyet › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.nat/ (or *C.ŋet?) |
| English | hot |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 熱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15099 |
| Phonetic component |
埶 |
| Rime group |
月 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
熱 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋjed/ |
DefinitionsEdit
熱
- hot; heated; having a high temperature
- to heat up; to warm up
- heat; hotness; warmness; high temperature
- hot weather; summer heat
- kind; amiable; fervent; close and dear
- feverish; to have a fever
- fever; febrility; pyrexia
- zeal; fondness; enthusiasm; trend
- popular; fashionable; in vogue
- flourishing; thriving; prosperous
- worried; anxious; distraught
- fervently; passionately; enthusiastically; very
- A surname.
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 熱
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
熱
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
NounEdit
熱 (hiragana ねつ, romaji netsu)
- fever
- 私は熱があると思います。
Watashi wa netsu ga aru to omoimasu.
I think I have a fever.
- 私は熱があると思います。
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
熱 • (yeol) (hangeul 열, McCune-Reischauer yŏl, Yale yel)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.