熱

See also: 热 and 熟

熱	U+71B1, 熱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71B1

← 熰
[U+71B0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

熲 →
[U+71B2]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

熱 (radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土戈火 (GIF), four-corner 4533₁, composition ⿱埶灬)

Derived charactersEdit

𪷴, 𢤢, 爇(𦶟)

Related charactersEdit

热 (Simplified Chinese)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 681, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19360
Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2230, character 10
Unihan data for U+71B1

ChineseEdit

trad.		熱
simp.		热
alternative forms		𤍠𤉟𤋩𤎮𪌌

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (埶) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
褹	ŋr'eːds, ŋeds
勢	*hŋjeds
藝	*ŋeds
囈	*ŋeds
埶	*ŋeds
蓺	*ŋeds
槸	*ŋeds
爇	*ŋʷjed
褻	*sŋed
暬	*sŋed
熱	*ŋjed
槷	*ŋeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋjed): phonetic 埶 (OC *ŋeds) + semantic 灬 (“fire”).

EtymologyEdit

Schuessler (2007) considers this a *-t derivation of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwe (“warm”) (with initial *n- ~ ŋ- vacillation), whence also Burmese နွေး (nwe:, “warm; lukewarm”) and နွှေး (hnwe:, “to warm something; to revise”).

Often considered to be related to 爇 (OC *ŋʷjed, “to burn; to toast”) and 焫 (OC *njod, “hot”).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): rè (re⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄜˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): жә (řə, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): jit⁶
Gan (Wiktionary): let⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngie̍t / ngia̍t

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngiad⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): rah⁴
Min Bei (KCR): iě
Min Dong (BUC): iĕk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lia̍t / jia̍t / loa̍h / joa̍h

(Teochew, Peng'im): riêg⁸ / riag⁸ / ruah⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): nyiq (T5)
Xiang (Wiktionary): ye⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: rè
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄜˋ
  - Wade–Giles: jê⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐɤ⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: жә (řə, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jit⁶
  - Yale: yiht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jit⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːt̚²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: let⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɛt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngie̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngied
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯et̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngia̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯at̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngiad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲiat̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: rah⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐaʔ²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iě
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛ²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: lia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liat
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛt̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /liɛt̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: jia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jiat
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑiɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑiɛt̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loa̍h
  - Tâi-lô: lua̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loah
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /luaʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /luaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: joa̍h
  - Tâi-lô: jua̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: joah
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zuaʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zuaʔ¹²¹/

Note:

lia̍t/jia̍t - literary;
loa̍h/joa̍h - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: riêg⁸ / riag⁸ / ruah⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jie̍k / jia̍k / jua̍h
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziek̚⁴/, /d͡ziak̚⁴/, /d͡zuaʔ⁴/

Note:

riêg8/riag8 - literary (riêg8 - Chaozhou);
ruah8 - vernacular.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nyiq (T5)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi̯ɪʔ¹²/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ye⁶
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ye̞²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 熱
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʐɤ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/iɤ⁵³/ /ʐɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʐə²¹/
	Qingdao	/iə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐʐ̩ɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʐɤ²¹/
	Xining	/ʐɛ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʐə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʐə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ze³¹/
	Guiyang	/zɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/ʐə³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐəʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʐɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ʐʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ʐaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/zz̩ʷəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵi²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ne²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ȵia¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ye²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ie²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiat̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋiet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jit̚²/
	Nanning	/jit̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jit̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/liat̚⁵/ /luaʔ⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ieʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/iɛ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ziak̚⁵/ /zuaʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/zit̚³/ /zua³³/

Middle Chinese: /ȵiᴇt̚/

Rime
Character	熱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	薛 (81)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如列切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵiat̚/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛt̚/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rè

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nat/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋjed/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	熱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rè
Middle Chinese	‹ nyet ›
Old Chinese	/C.nat/ (or C.ŋet?)
English	hot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.