爰

See also: 爱

爰	U+7230, 爰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7230

← 爯
[U+722F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

爱 →
[U+7231]

Translingual

Han character

爰 (Kangxi radical 87, 爪+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月一大水 (BMKE), four-corner 2044₇, composition ⿳爫一友)

Derived characters

𠋠, 喛, 𫮊, 媛, 嵈, 㣪, 愋, 援, 湲, 猨, 𫕉, 𭤿, 暖, 䐘, 楥, 煖, 瑗, 禐, 𤲫, 䁔, 𥔛, 褑, 𭶵, 緩(缓), 𦑛, 𦖵, 𦩮, 蝯, 諼(谖), 𧳭, 𬥢, 𫏖, 𫏺, 𮠹, 𫣰, 鍰(锾), 𩋫, 𩏅, 𦅻, 鰀, 𦇻, 𬋫, 𬁆, 𦫦, 𧡩, 𩔃, 鶢, 萲, 䈠
㬊 (Exception: Only for Chinese character form. Japanese character form contains ⿳爫土夂 instead)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 689, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19672
Dae Jaweon: page 1102, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2032, character 1
Unihan data for U+7230

Chinese

simp. and trad.		爰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爰
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (爰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
暖	*noːnʔ
煖	noːnʔ, qʰʷan
喛	qʰʷaːns, qʰʷan
緩	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鰀	*ɢʷaːnʔ
嵈	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鍰	*ɢʷraːn
湲	*ɢʷan
媛	ɢʷans, ɢʷan
瑗	*ɢʷans
援	ɢʷans, ɢʷan
褑	*ɢʷans
諼	qʰʷan, qʰʷanʔ
愋	*qʰʷan
楥	*qʰʷans
爰	*ɢʷan
鶢	*ɢʷan
蝯	*ɢʷan
猨	*ɢʷan

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 爫 (“hand, claw”) + 又 (“hand”) – the middle component has taken various forms.

Etymology

Contraction of 于時 (OC *ɢʷa djɯ) or 于是 (OC *ɢʷa djeʔ) (Smith, 2012).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wun⁴ / jyun⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²
  - Yale: ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
  - Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wun⁴ / jyun⁴
  - Yale: wùhn / yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wun⁴ / jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wun⁴ / yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuːn²¹/, /jyːn²¹/

Middle Chinese: hjwon

Rime
Character	爰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨元切
Baxter	hjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuan/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷa[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	爰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷa[n]/
English	there, then, thereupon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	爰
Reading #	1/1
No.	16176
Phonetic component	爰
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	袁
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷan/

Definitions

爰

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) therefore, consequently
- 爰采麥矣、沬之北矣。云誰之思、美孟弋矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  爰采麦矣、沬之北矣。云谁之思、美孟弋矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yuán cǎi mài yǐ, Mèi zhī běi yǐ. Yún shéi zhī sī, měi mèng Yì yǐ. [Pinyin]
  I am going to gather the wheat, In the north of Mei. But of whom are my thoughts? Of that beauty, the eldest of the Yi.
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) A sentence-initial particle
- 爰有大物，非絲非帛，文理成章。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  爰有大物，非丝非帛，文理成章。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Yuán yǒu dà wù, fēi sī fēi bó, wén lǐ chéng zhāng. [Pinyin]
  There exists this tremendous entity, made of neither silk nor other fabrics, yet structures and order manifest in its pattern and texture.

Compounds

References

“爰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

爰

(Hyōgai kanji)

lead on to
therefore
then

Readings

Go-on: おん (on)^{←をん (won, historical)}
Kan-on: えん (en)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
Kun: ここ (koko, 爰)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
爰
ここ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 爰 – see the following entry.

【こここゝ】

[pronoun] (deictically) here; this place, area, or part (near the speaker) (Can be juxtaposed with a phrase with で (de) or に (ni).)

[pronoun] (deictically) this organization or team (near or associated with the speaker) (Can be juxtaposed with a phrase with で (de) or に (ni).)

[pronoun] (anaphorically) here; this place, area, or part I am talking about

[pronoun] (anaphorically) this organization or team I am talking about

Alternative spellings
此処, 此所, 是, 茲

(This term, 爰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

爰 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

lead on to
therefore
then

Vietnamese

Han character

爰: Hán Nôm readings: viên, vươn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.