獅

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

獅 (radical 94, 犬+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大竹竹口月 (KHHRB), four-corner 4122₇, composition ⿰犭師)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 717, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20609
Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1363, character 4
Unihan data for U+7345

ChineseEdit

trad.		獅
simp.		狮
alternative forms		師／师 archaic

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (師) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
篩	sreːl, srel, *sri
師	*sri
鰤	*sri
蒒	*sri
獅	*sri
螄	*sri

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sri): semantic 犭 (“dog; beast”) + phonetic 師 (OC *sri).

EtymologyEdit

Originally written as 師. Earliest written attestations in the Eastern Han era include the Book of Han [before 111], the surviving portion of the Dongguan Hanji [c. 150], and Lokakṣema's translation of the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā [179]. The term is possibly of Iranian origin. In the Book of Han, the lion was described as indigenous to the historical 烏弋山離 (OC *qaː lɯɡ sreːn rel, “Alexandria”), possibly Alexandria Prophthasia (Yu, 1998), which was part of the Parthian Empire at the time. The Dongguan mentions a lion as a gift from the Shule Kingdom in the year 133, where a Saka language was spoken then. Earlier definite dates associated with the lion mentioned in the Book of the Later Han include the year 87, when a gift lion from the Yuezhi was recorded.

Compare Proto-Iranian *cárguš (“lion”). Possibly related to 狻猊 (OC *sloːn ŋeː).

Meanwhile, Adams (2013) postulates possible Tocharian connections; cf. Tocharian B ṣecake and etymologies.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shī (shi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): si¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂
Jin (Wiktionary): si¹
Min Bei (KCR): sú
Min Dong (BUC): săi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sai / su / sir

(Teochew, Peng'im): sai¹
Wu (Wiktionary): sr (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shī
  - Zhuyin: ㄕ
  - Wade–Giles: shih¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shih
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: si¹
  - Yale: sī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: si¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬu³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: si¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: săi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sai⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sai
  - Tâi-lô: sai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: say
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sai³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sai⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
  - Tâi-lô: su
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir
  - Tâi-lô: sir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³/

Note:

su/sir - literary;
sai - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: sai¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sai
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sai³³/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: sr (T1)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 獅
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/sz̩²¹/
	Jinan	/ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xi'an	/sz̩²¹/
	Xining	/sz̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Ürümqi	/sz̩⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/sz̩⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/sz̩³¹/
	Hefei	/sz̩²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/sz̩¹¹/
	Pingyao	/sz̩¹³/
	Hohhot	/sz̩³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/sz̩⁵³/
	Suzhou	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩³³/
	Wenzhou	/sz̩³³/
Hui	Shexian	/sz̩³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/sz̩¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/sz̩³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/sz̩³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/sz̩⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/sz̩⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/sï²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/si⁵³/
	Nanning	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/si⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/su⁵⁵/ /sai⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/sai⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/su⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/sai³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/si²³/

Middle Chinese: /ʃˠiɪ/

Rime
Character	獅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	疏夷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚi/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃiɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂji/
Li Rong	/ʃji/
Wang Li	/ʃi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sri/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	獅
Reading #	1/1
No.	11437
Phonetic component	師
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	師
Old Chinese	/*sri/
Notes	古作師

DefinitionsEdit

獅

lion

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 獅子 (“lion”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		獅子, 獅
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		獅子
Mandarin	Beijing	獅子
	Taiwan	獅子
	Ulanhot	獅子
	Tongliao	獅子
	Chifeng	獅子
	Bayanhot	獅子
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	獅子
	Harbin	獅子
	Muping	獅子
	Jinan	獅子
	Wanrong	獅子
	Zhengzhou	獅子
	Xi'an	獅子
	Yinchuan	獅子
	Lanzhou	獅子
	Xining	獅子
	Ürümqi	獅子
	Wuhan	獅子
	Chengdu	獅子
	Chongqing	獅子
	Guiyang	獅子
	Liuzhou	獅子
	Xuzhou	獅子
	Yangzhou	獅子
	Nanjing	獅子
	Hefei	獅子
	Singapore	獅子
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	獅子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	獅子
	Hong Kong	獅子
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	獅子
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	獅子
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	獅仔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	獅子
	Macau	獅子
	Panyu	獅子
	Huadu (Huashan)	獅子
	Conghua	獅子
	Zengcheng	獅子
	Foshan	獅子
	Nanhai (Shatou)	獅子
	Shunde	獅子
	Sanshui	獅子
	Gaoming (Mingcheng)	獅子
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	獅子
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	獅子
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	獅子
	Doumen	獅子
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	獅子
	Xinhui	獅子
	Taishan	獅子
	Kaiping (Chikan)	獅子
	Enping (Niujiang)	獅
	Heshan (Yayao)	獅子
	Dongguan	獅子
	Bao'an (Shajing)	獅
	Yangjiang	獅子
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	獅子
	Singapore (Guangfu)	獅子
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	獅子
Gan	Nanchang	獅子
Gan	Lichuan	獅仔
Hakka	Meixian	獅仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	獅
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	獅仔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	獅仔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	獅子
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	獅哩
	Conghua (Lütian)	獅子
	Jiexi	獅
	Luhe	獅
	Yudu	獅子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	獅仔
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	獅仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	獅仔
	Dongshi (Dabu)	獅
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	獅仔
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	獅
	Hong Kong	獅子
	Senai (Huiyang)	獅子
Huizhou	Jixi	獅
Jin	Taiyuan	獅子
	Xinzhou	獅子
	Taibus (Baochang)	獅子
	Linhe	獅子
	Jining	獅子
	Hohhot	獅子
	Baotou	獅子
	Dongsheng	獅子
	Haibowan	獅子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	獅子
Min Dong	Fuzhou	獅
Min Nan	Xiamen	獅, 獅仔
	Quanzhou	獅
	Zhangzhou	獅, 獅仔
	Zhao'an	獅
	Kaohsiung	獅
	Yilan	獅
	Changhua (Lukang)	獅
	Taichung	獅
	Taichung (Wuqi)	獅
	Tainan	獅
	Taitung	獅
	Hsinchu	獅
	Penghu (Magong)	獅
	Penang (Hokkien)	獅
	Singapore (Hokkien)	獅, 獅仔
	Manila (Hokkien)	獅, 獅仔
	Chaozhou	獅
	Shantou	獅
	Jieyang	獅
	Bangkok (Teochew)	獅
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	獅
	Haikou	獅
Puxian Min	Putian	獅
Puxian Min	Xianyou	獅
Min Zhong	Yong'an	獅子
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	獅子
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	獅子
Wu	Shanghai	獅子
	Chongming	獅子
	Suzhou	獅子
	Danyang	獅子
	Hangzhou	獅子
	Ningbo	獅子
	Wenzhou	獅子
	Jinhua	獅子
Xiang	Changsha	獅子
Xiang	Shuangfeng	獅子