獅

See also: 狮

獅	U+7345, 獅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7345

← 獄
[U+7344]

CJK Unified Ideographs

獆 →
[U+7346]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

獅 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大竹竹口月 (KHHRB), four-corner 4122₇, composition ⿰犭師)

Derived characters edit

𥵍

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 717, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20609
Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1363, character 4
Unihan data for U+7345

Chinese edit

trad.		獅
simp.		狮
alternative forms		師／师 archaic

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (師) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
篩	sreːl, srel, *sri
師	*sri
鰤	*sri
蒒	*sri
獅	*sri
螄	*sri

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sri) : semantic 犭 (“dog; beast”) + phonetic 師 (OC *sri).

Etymology edit

Originally written as 師. Earliest written attestations in the Eastern Han era include the Book of Han [before 111], the surviving portion of the Dongguan Hanji [c. 150], and Lokakṣema's translation of the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā [179]. The term is possibly of Iranian origin. In the Book of Han, the lion was described as indigenous to the historical 烏弋山離 (OC *qaː lɯɡ sreːn rel, “Alexandria”), possibly Alexandria Prophthasia (Yu, 1998), which was part of the Parthian Empire at the time. The Dongguan mentions a lion as a gift from the Shule Kingdom in the year 133, where a Saka language was spoken then. Earlier definite dates associated with the lion mentioned in the Book of the Later Han include the year 87, when a gift lion from the Yuezhi was recorded.

Compare Proto-Iranian *cárguš (“lion”). Possibly related to 狻猊 (OC *sloːn ŋeː).

Meanwhile, Adams (2013) postulates possible Tocharian connections; cf. Tocharian B ṣecake and etymologies.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shī (shi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): si¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂
Jin (Wiktionary): si¹
Northern Min (KCR): sú
Eastern Min (BUC): săi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sai / su / sir

(Teochew, Peng'im): sai¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹sy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shī
  - Zhuyin: ㄕ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shih
  - Wade–Giles: shih¹
  - Yale: shr̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: si¹
  - Yale: sī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: si¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬu³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: si¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: săi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sai⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sai
  - Tâi-lô: sai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: say
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sai³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sai⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
  - Tâi-lô: su
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir
  - Tâi-lô: sir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³/

Note:

su/sir - literary;
sai - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: sai¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sai
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sai³³/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹sy
  - MiniDict: sy^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩⁵³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 獅
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/sz̩²¹/
	Jinan	/ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xi'an	/sz̩²¹/
	Xining	/sz̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Ürümqi	/sz̩⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/sz̩⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/sz̩³¹/
	Hefei	/sz̩²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/sz̩¹¹/
	Pingyao	/sz̩¹³/
	Hohhot	/sz̩³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/sz̩⁵³/
	Suzhou	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩³³/
	Wenzhou	/sz̩³³/
Hui	Shexian	/sz̩³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/sz̩¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/sz̩³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/sz̩³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/sz̩⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/sz̩⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/sï²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/si⁵³/
	Nanning	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/si⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/su⁵⁵/ /sai⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sai⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/su⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sai³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/si²³/

Middle Chinese: srij

Rime
Character	獅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疏夷切
Baxter	srij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚi/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃiɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂji/
Li Rong	/ʃji/
Wang Li	/ʃi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sri/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	獅
Reading #	1/1
No.	11437
Phonetic component	師
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	師
Old Chinese	/*sri/
Notes	古作師

Definitions edit

獅

lion

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 獅子 (“lion”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		獅子, 獅
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		獅子
Mandarin	Beijing	獅子
	Taiwan	獅子
	Ulanhot	獅子
	Tongliao	獅子
	Chifeng	獅子
	Bayanhot	獅子
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	獅子
	Harbin	獅子
	Yantai (Muping)	獅子
	Jinan	獅子
	Wanrong	獅子
	Zhengzhou	獅子
	Xi'an	獅子
	Yinchuan	獅子
	Lanzhou	獅子
	Xining	獅子
	Ürümqi	獅子
	Wuhan	獅子
	Chengdu	獅子
	Chongqing	獅子
	Guiyang	獅子
	Liuzhou	獅子
	Xuzhou	獅子
	Yangzhou	獅子
	Nanjing	獅子
	Hefei	獅子
	Singapore	獅子
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	獅子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	獅子
	Hong Kong	獅子
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	獅子
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	獅子
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	獅仔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	獅子
	Macau	獅子
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	獅子
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	獅子
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	獅子
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	獅子
	Foshan	獅子
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	獅子
	Foshan (Shunde)	獅子
	Foshan (Sanshui)	獅子
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	獅子
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	獅子
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	獅子
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	獅子
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	獅子
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	獅子
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	獅子
	Taishan	獅子
	Kaiping (Chikan)	獅子
	Enping (Niujiang)	獅
	Heshan (Yayao)	獅子
	Dongguan	獅子
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	獅
	Yangjiang	獅子
	Danzhou	獅子
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	獅子
	Singapore (Guangfu)	獅子
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	獅子
Gan	Nanchang	獅子
Gan	Lichuan	獅仔
Hakka	Meixian	獅仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	獅
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	獅仔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	獅仔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	獅子
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	獅哩
	Conghua (Lütian)	獅子
	Jiexi	獅
	Luhe	獅
	Yudu	獅子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	獅仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	獅仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	獅仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	獅
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	獅仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	獅
	Hong Kong	獅子
	Senai (Huiyang)	獅子
Huizhou	Jixi	獅
Jin	Taiyuan	獅子
	Xinzhou	獅子
	Taibus (Baochang)	獅子
	Linhe	獅子
	Jining	獅子
	Hohhot	獅子
	Baotou	獅子
	Dongsheng	獅子
	Haibowan	獅子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	獅子
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	獅
Southern Min	Xiamen	獅, 獅仔
	Quanzhou	獅
	Zhangzhou	獅, 獅仔
	Zhao'an	獅
	Kaohsiung	獅
	Yilan	獅
	Changhua (Lukang)	獅
	Taichung	獅
	Taichung (Wuqi)	獅
	Tainan	獅
	Taitung	獅
	Hsinchu	獅
	Penghu (Magong)	獅
	Penang (Hokkien)	獅
	Singapore (Hokkien)	獅, 獅仔
	Manila (Hokkien)	獅, 獅仔
	Chaozhou	獅
	Shantou	獅
	Jieyang	獅
	Bangkok (Teochew)	獅
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	獅
	Singapore (Teochew)	獅
	Wenchang	獅
	Haikou	獅
Puxian Min	Putian	獅
Puxian Min	Xianyou	獅
Central Min	Yong'an	獅子
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	獅子
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	獅子
Wu	Shanghai	獅子
	Shanghai (Chongming)	獅子
	Suzhou	獅子
	Danyang	獅子
	Hangzhou	獅子
	Ningbo	獅子
	Wenzhou	獅子
	Jinhua	獅子
Xiang	Changsha	獅子
Xiang	Shuangfeng	獅子