確

See also: 确

確 U+78BA, 確 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78BA ← 碹 [U+78B9] CJK Unified Ideographs 碻 → [U+78BB]

Contents

Translingual

Han character

確 (radical 112, 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口人月土 (MROBG), four-corner 1461₄, composition ⿰石隺)

Derived characters

• 𡃜, 𮣞

References

• KangXi: page 833, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24366
• Dae Jaweon: page 1250, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2450, character 4
• Unihan data for U+78BA

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Chinese

trad.		確
simp.		确*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (寉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
鶴	*ɡloːwɢ
髉	*pqroːwɢ
篧	*skroːwɢ, *sɡroːwɢ
榷	*kroːwɢ
搉	*kroːwɢ, *kroːwɢ, *kʰroːwɢ
傕	*kroːwɢ
確	*kʰroːwɢ
寉	*ɡluːwɢ
蒮	*luwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰroːwɢ): semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 寉 (OC *ɡluːwɢ) – rock-solid, as certain as a rock.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): què (que⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kok³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khok
• Min Bei (KCR): kŏ̤
• Min Dong (BUC): káuk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): khak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kag⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): qiaq (T4); khoq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: què
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
    • Wade–Giles: ch'üeh⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥɛ˥˩/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kok³
    • Yale: kok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: kog³
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːk˧/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khok
    • Hakka Romanization System: kog`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kog⁵
    • IPA: /kʰok̚˨/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kŏ̤
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɔ˨˦/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: káuk
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɑuʔ˨˦/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khak
    • Tâi-lô: khak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qag
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰak˧˨/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰak˥/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰak˧˨/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰak˧˨/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰak˧˨/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khak
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰak²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: qiaq (T4); khoq (T4)
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰia̱ʔ˥/, /kʰʊʔ˥/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 確
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰyɛ˥˩/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰyɛ˥˧/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰye˥˧/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰyə˨˩˧/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰyə˥˥/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰyo˨˦/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰyo˥˧/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰyu˥˧/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰye˩˧/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰyə˩˧/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰyɤ˨˩˧/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰio˨˩˧/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰyo˧˩/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰio˨˩/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰio˧˩/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰioʔ˥/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰyɐʔ˥/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰyəʔ˨/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ˩˧/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰyaʔ˦˧/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰioʔ˥/ /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ˥/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰioʔ˥/
	Hangzhou	/kʰoʔ˥/ /t͡ɕʰioʔ˥/
	Wenzhou	/kʰo˨˩˧/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰɔʔ˨˩/
	Tunxi	/kʰo˥/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰo˨˦/
	Xiangtan	/kʰo˨˦/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰɔʔ˥/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰok̚˩/
	Taoyuan	/kʰok̚˨˨/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰɔk̚˧/
	Nanning	/kʰɔk̚˧˧/
	Hong Kong	/kʰɔk̚˧/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰak̚˧˨/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰɔuʔ˨˧/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰɔ˨˦/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰak̚˨/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xɔk̚˥/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰˠʌk̚/▼

Rime
Character	確
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	苦角切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/kʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/kʰɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	que

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤrawk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	確
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	què
Middle Chinese	‹ khæwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˁrawk/
English	solid, firm
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	確
Reading #	1/1
No.	5100
Phonetic component	寉
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	㱿
Old Chinese	/*kʰroːwɢ/

Definitions

確

1. sure; certain
2. real; true

Compounds

• 丁一確二／丁一确二
• 不確／不确
• 千真萬確／千真万确 (qiānzhēnwànquè)
• 明確／明确 (míngquè)
• 正確／正确 (zhèngquè)
• 準確／准确 (zhǔnquè)
• 準確度／准确度 (zhǔnquèdù)
• 的一確二／的一确二
• 的確／的确 (díquè)
• 真確／真确 (zhēnquè)

• 確乎／确乎 (quèhū)
• 確保／确保 (quèbǎo)
• 確信／确信 (quèxìn)
• 確切／确切 (quèqiè)
• 確定／确定 (quèdìng)
• 確定判決／确定判决
• 確定故意／确定故意
• 確實／确实 (quèshí)
• 確有其事／确有其事 (quèyǒuqíshì)

• 確當／确当
• 確知／确知
• 確立／确立 (quèlì)
• 確認／确认 (quèrèn)
• 確論／确论
• 確證／确证
• 確鑿／确凿 (quèzáo)
• 精確／精确 (jīngquè)
• 詳確／详确

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Japanese

Kanji

確

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. certain

Readings

• Go-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
• Kun: たしか (tashika, 確か, Jōyō); たしかめる (tashikameru, 確かめる, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 確認 (かくにん) (kakunin): confirmation, to confirm

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Korean

Hanja

確 • (hwak) (hangeul 확, revised hwak, McCune–Reischauer hwak, Yale hwak)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

確 (xác, xạc)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.