稗

稗	U+7A17, 稗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A17

Translingual edit

Han character edit

稗 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹木竹田十 (HDHWJ), four-corner 2694₀, composition ⿰禾卑)

darnels, weeds, tares small(clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived characters edit

薭, 𮆛

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 855, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25113
Dae Jaweon: page 1280, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2613, character 11
Unihan data for U+7A17

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		稗
alternative forms		粺

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (卑) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
捭	*preːʔ
牌	breː, breː
郫	breː, bre, *be
蠯	breː, be, *breːŋʔ
猈	breːʔ, breː
稗	*breːs
粺	*breːs
𥱼	*breː
豍	*peː
箄	peː, pe, *peʔ
錍	pʰeː, pe
睥	*pʰeːs
渒	pʰeːs, pe
鼙	*beː
鞞	beː, pe, peʔ, peːŋʔ
椑	beː, pe, beɡ, beːɡ
崥	beː, peʔ
髀	beːʔ, peʔ, *piʔ
卑	*pe
鵯	pe, pʰiɡ
裨	pe, be
痺	*pe
碑	*pre
婢	peʔ, beʔ
諀	*pʰeʔ
脾	*be
埤	*be
陴	*be
蜱	be, mbew
焷	*be
螷	be, breːŋʔ
庳	*beʔ
琕	*biːŋ
萆	beɡ, slɯʔ
綼	biɡ, peːɡ

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ras (“rice, fruit, to bear fruit, round object”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bài (bai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bai⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bai⁶, bai^6-2, baai⁶, pei⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): pai⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): pa⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phai

(Meixian, Guangdong): kuai⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): bai³
Northern Min (KCR): pāi
Eastern Min (BUC): pá̤ / bâi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): phōe / phē / phǒe / pāi

(Teochew, Peng'im): poin⁷ / poi⁷ / bi²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶ba
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ba⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bài
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bài
  - Wade–Giles: pai⁴
  - Yale: bài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bay
  - Palladius: бай (baj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: bai⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pai²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bai⁶, bai^6-2, baai⁶, pei⁴
  - Yale: baih, bái, baaih, pèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bai⁶, bai^6-2, baai⁶, pei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: bei⁶, bei^6-2, bai⁶, péi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐi̯²²/, /pɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/, /paːi̯²²/, /pʰei̯²¹/

Note: pei4 - rare variant, e.g. 稗官.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: pai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰai²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: pa⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰa¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phai
  - Hakka Romanization System: pai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰai̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kuai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰuaɪ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bai³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pai⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰai⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: pá̤ / bâi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑ²¹³/, /pɑi²⁴²/

Note:

pá̤ - vernacular;
bâi - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phōe
  - Tâi-lô: phuē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoe
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰue⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /pʰue²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰue³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phē
  - Tâi-lô: phē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰe²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /pʰe³³/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phǒe
  - Tâi-lô: phuě
  - IPA (Lukang): /pʰue³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pāi
  - Tâi-lô: pāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pai
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pai²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pai⁴¹/

Note:

phōe/phē/phǒe - vernacular;
pāi - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: poin⁷ / poi⁷ / bi²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phōiⁿ / phōi / pí
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰõĩ¹¹/, /pʰoi¹¹/, /pi⁵²/

Note:

poin7 - vernacular (Chaozhou, Shantou);
poi7 - vernacular (Jieyang, Puning, Huilai);
bi2 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ba
  - MiniDict: ba^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ba
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ba²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ba⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa̠²¹/

Middle Chinese: beaH

Rime
Character	稗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	傍卦切
Baxter	beaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠɛ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚæ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/bæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baɨj^H/
Li Rong	/bɛ^H/
Wang Li	/bai^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱai^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	baai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[b]ˤre-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*breːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bài
Middle Chinese	‹ bɛ^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.[b]ˁre-s/
English	weed resembling grain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稗
Reading #	1/1
No.	353
Phonetic component	卑
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	粺
Old Chinese	/*breːs/

Definitions edit

稗

barnyard grass; barnyard millet
(literary) insignificant; unofficial (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 稗子 (“barnyard grass”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		稗子, 稗, 稗草
Taxonomic name		稗
Mandarin	Beijing	稗子
	Taiwan	稗子, 稗草
	Langfang	稗子
	Tangshan	稗子
	Baoding	稗子
	Shijiazhuang	稗子
	Daming	稗草
	Harbin	稗子
	Jinan	稗子
	Luoyang	稗子
	Xi'an	稗子
	Yinchuan	稗子
	Ürümqi	稗子
	Wuhan	稗子
	Chengdu	稗子
	Guiyang	毛稗
	Guilin	稗子
	Liuzhou	稗子
	Nanning (Wuming)	稗
Cantonese	Guangzhou	稗, 稗仔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	稗
	Macau	稗子
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	稗草
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	稗仔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	稗
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	稗
	Foshan	稗
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	稗
	Foshan (Sanshui)	稗
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	稗
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	稗子
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	稗子
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	稗
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	稗
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	稗
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	稗
	Taishan	稗
	Kaiping (Chikan)	稗
	Enping (Niujiang)	稗
	Heshan (Yayao)	稗
	Dongguan	稗
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	稗
	Nanning	稗
	Wuzhou	稗
	Yulin	稗子
	Rongxian	鶴草
Gan	Nanchang	稗子
	Pengze	稗子
	Lichuan	稗子, 稗草
	Pingxiang	稗子
Hakka	Meixian	快仔
	Xingning	稗哩
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	稗
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	稗
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	稗
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	稗子
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	稗哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	稗哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	稗哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	稗哩
	Nanxiong (Zhuji)	稗草
	Conghua (Lütian)	稗
	Jiexi	稗
	Luhe	稗仔
	Changting	稗草
	Yongding	稗草
	Yongding (Xiayang)	稗草
	Yongding (Hukeng)	稗草
	Wuping (Zhongshan)	稗
	Liancheng (Peitian)	稗生
	Liancheng (Juxi)	稗
	Liancheng (Laiyuan)	稗
	Yudu	稗草
	Ruijin	稗草
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	稗仔
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	稗仔
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	稗仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	稗仔
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	稗仔
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	稗仔
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	稗仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	稗仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	稗
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	稗仔
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	稗
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	稗子
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	快子
	Sabah (Longchuan)	稗, 蘇渺草
	Bangkok (Meixian)	快仔
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	稗草
Huizhou	Jixi	稗
Huizhou	Fuliang	稗草
Jin	Taiyuan	稗子
	Xinzhou	稗子
	Zhangjiakou	稗子
	Handan	稗子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	稗
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	稗, 稗草
Eastern Min	Fuqing	稗
Southern Min	Xiamen	稗仔, 稗
	Quanzhou	稗
	Zhangzhou	稗仔, 稗
	Zhao'an	稗
	Taipei	稗仔
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	稗仔
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	稗仔
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	稗仔
	Kaohsiung	稗仔
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	稗仔
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	粙仔稗
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	稗仔
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	稗仔
	Yilan	稗仔
	Yilan (Luodong)	稗仔
	Yilan (Toucheng)	稗仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	稗仔
	Taichung	稗仔草
	Tainan	大窟草, 稗仔
	Hsinchu	稗仔
	Kinmen	稗
	Penghu (Magong)	稗
	Longyan	稗
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	稗
	Shantou	稗
Central Min	Yong'an	稗
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	稗
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	稗
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	稗子, 草子
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	稗子
Waxiang	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	稗
Wu	Shanghai	稗草
	Shanghai (Jiading)	稗子
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	稗草子, 稗子
	Suzhou	稗草子
	Danyang	稗草
	Hangzhou	稗草
	Ningbo	稗草
	Jinhua	稗
Xiang	Changsha	稗子
	Loudi	稗子
	Jiangyong	稗崽
	Quanzhou	稗子