Wiktionary

糖

See also: 醣
糖 U+7CD6, 糖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CD6
← 糕
[U+7CD5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 糗 →
[U+7CD7]

糖 U+FA03, 糖
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA03
← 拓
[U+FA02] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 宅 →
[U+FA04]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

糖 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火木戈中口 (FDILR), four-corner 90967, composition ⿰米唐)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 911, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27070
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1338, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3157, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7CD6

ChineseEdit

trad. 糖/醣
simp. 糖
2nd round simp. 𰪩
alternative forms 餹／糖
饄
糛
𥼽／𥹥
𥽻
醣 - “saccharide”

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 糖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 
Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唐 *ɡl'aːŋ
煻 *l'aːŋ
糖 *l'aːŋ
搪 *l'aːŋ
蓎 *l'aːŋ
瑭 *l'aːŋ
餹 *l'aːŋ
篖 *l'aːŋ
螗 *l'aːŋ
塘 *l'aːŋ
鶶 *l'aːŋ
赯 *l'aːŋ
磄 *l'aːŋ
溏 *l'aːŋ
傏 *l'aːŋ
鎕 *l'aːŋ
榶 *l'aːŋ
嵣 *l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs
庚 *kraːŋ
賡 *kraːŋ
鹒 *kraːŋ
康 *kʰlaːŋ
穅 *kʰlaːŋ
糠 *kʰlaːŋ
槺 *kʰlaːŋ
漮 *kʰlaːŋ
躿 *kʰlaːŋ
慷 *kʰlaːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'aːŋ): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 唐 (OC *ɡl'aːŋ).

EtymologyEdit

Original meaning was “sweet rice cake” or “sugar syrup”. Cognate with 餳 (OC *ljaːŋ).

Compare Proto-Lingao lhaŋ2 ("sugar"), whence Lincheng /haŋ˧˧/, Qiongshan /liaŋ˩˧/.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • tong4 - “sugar”;
  • tong4-2 - “candy”.
Note:
  • hong3 - “sugar”;
  • hong3* - “candy”.
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • thn̂g/thôⁿ - vernacular;
    • thông/thâng - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 糖
    Mandarin Beijing /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /tʰaŋ²⁴/
    Tianjin /tʰɑŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /tʰaŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /tʰaŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /tʰaŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /tʰaŋ²⁴/
    Xining /tʰɔ̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /tʰɑŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /tʰɑ̃⁵³/
    Ürümqi /tʰɑŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /tʰaŋ²¹³/
    Chengdu /tʰaŋ³¹/
    Guiyang /tʰaŋ²¹/
    Kunming /tʰã̠¹/
    Nanjing /tʰaŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /tʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /tʰɒ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /tʰɑŋ¹³/
    /tɑŋ¹³/ 黑～
    Hohhot /tʰɑ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /dɑ̃²³/
    Suzhou /dɑ̃¹³/
    Hangzhou /dɑŋ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /duɔ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /tʰa⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /tʰau¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /tan¹³/
    Xiangtan /dɔn¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /tʰɔŋ²⁴/
    Hakka Meixian /tʰoŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /tʰoŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰɔŋ²¹/
    Nanning /tʰɔŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /tʰɔŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tʰɔŋ³⁵/
    /tʰŋ̍³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tʰouŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tʰɔŋ³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /tʰɯŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ho³¹/
    Rime
    Character 糖
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 定 (7)
    Final (韻) 唐 (101)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 徒郎切
    Baxter dang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/dɑŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/dɑŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/dɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/daŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/dɑŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/dɑŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/dʱɑŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		táng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		tong4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 糖
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		táng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.lˁaŋ/ (no pre-Qín exx)
    English sugar

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 糖
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3961
    Phonetic
    component         		庚
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		唐
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l'aːŋ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    糖

    1. sugar
      白糖  ―  báitáng  ―  white sugar
      紅糖／红糖  ―  hóngtáng  ―  brown sugar
      糖水 [Cantonese]  ―  tong4 seoi2 [Jyutping]  ―  tong sui (literally, “sugar water”)
      無糖薄荷糖／无糖薄荷糖  ―  wútáng bóhétáng  ―  sugar-free peppermint candy
      糖放多了。  ―  Táng fàng duō le.  ―  Too much sugar is added.
    2. candy; sweets (Classifier: 粒 c)
      棒棒糖  ―  bàngbàngtáng  ―  lollipop
      無糖薄荷糖／无糖薄荷糖  ―  wútáng bóhétáng  ―  sugar-free peppermint candy
      糖吃多了不好。  ―  Táng chī duō le bùhǎo.  ―  Eating too much candy is unhealthy.
      糖食得多冇益。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      tong4-2 sik6 dak1 do1 mou5 jik1. [Jyutping]
      Eating too much candy is unhealthy.
    3. (organic chemistry) saccharide; carbohydrate
      多糖  ―  duōtáng  ―  polysaccharide
      葡萄糖  ―  pútáotáng  ―  glucose
    4. † to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs
    5. (Internet slang, figurative) loveable and likeable, cute
      撒糖  ―  sǎtáng  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
    6. (transgender slang, figurative) HRT (hormone replacement therapy) drugs, especially pills
      吃糖  ―  chītáng  ―  to undergo HRT (literally, “to eat candy”)
      昨天糖被我爸媽發現了。 [MSC, trad.]
      昨天糖被我爸妈发现了。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zuótiān táng bèi wǒ bàmā fāxiàn le. [Pinyin]
      Yesterday [my] HRT drugs were spotted by my parents.

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 糖果 (“candy; sweets”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 糖果
    Mandarin Beijing 糖果兒
    Taiwan 糖果
    Jinan 花糖
    Nanning (Wuming) 糖, 糖果
    Nanjing 糖果
    Singapore 糖, 糖果
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 糖
    Cantonese Guangzhou 糖
    Hong Kong 糖
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 麻糖
    Taishan 磨糖
    Kaiping (Chikan) 麻糖
    Dongguan 麻糖
    Yangjiang 糖仔
    Beihai 糖膠
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 糖膠
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 糖膠
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 糖膠
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 糖仔
    Móng Cái 糖膠
    Hakka Meixian 糖仔, 糖果
    Yudu 糖子, 糖
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 糖仔, 甘糖
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 糖仔, 甘糖
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 糖仔, 甘糖
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 糖, 甘糖
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 糖仔, 甘糖
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 糖, 甘糖
    Hong Kong 麻糖, 糖仔
    Huizhou Jixi 糖
    Min Dong Fuzhou 糖
    Matsu 金含
    Min Nan Xiamen 糖仔
    Quanzhou 糖仔
    Taipei (Wanhua) 糖仔
    Kaohsiung 糖仔
    Yilan 糖仔
    Changhua (Lukang) 糖仔
    Taichung 糖仔
    Taichung (Wuqi) 糖仔
    Tainan 糖仔
    Taitung 糖仔
    Hsinchu 糖仔
    Penghu (Magong) 金含仔
    Penang (Hokkien) 紅毛糖
    Singapore (Hokkien) 紅毛糖
    Manila (Hokkien) 糖仔
    Longyan 糖仔
    Chaozhou 糖果
    Shantou 糖果
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 金含
    Jieyang 金含, 糖
    Singapore (Teochew) 紅毛糖, 糖
    Leizhou 糖糕, 糖囝
    Haikou 糖囝
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 糖
    Wu Suzhou 糖
    Hangzhou 糖
    Wenzhou 糖兒
    Jinhua 紙包糖
    Jinhua (Tangxi) 桔桔糖
    Xiang Changsha 糖粒子

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 糖

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (糖):
    • → Japanese: 糖(とう) (tō)
    • → Korean: 당(糖) (dang)
    • → Vietnamese: đường (糖)

    Others:

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    Shinjitai 糖
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    糖
    &#xFA03;
    or
    糖+&#xFE00;?         		 
    糖󠄀
    糖+&#xE0100;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    糖󠄃
    糖+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    KanjiEdit

    糖

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 糖)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds
     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    糖
    とう
    Grade: 6
    on’yomi

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 糖 (MC dɑŋ, “sugar”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    糖(とう) • (tō) ←たう (tau)?

    1. sugar

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1635 (paper), page 869 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    From Middle Chinese 糖 (MC dɑŋ).

    Historical readings

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    糖 (eumhun 엿 당 (yeot dang))

    1. Hanja form? of 당 (“sugar”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 2Edit

    From Early Mandarin 糖 (táng).

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    糖 (eumhun 엿 탕 (yeot tang))

    1. Hanja form? of 탕 (“sugar”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    糖: Hán Nôm readings: đường

    1. chữ Hán form of đường (“sugar”).
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