See also: 醣
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Translingual
editHan character
edit糖 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火木戈中口 (FDILR), four-corner 90967, composition ⿰米唐)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 911, character 38
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27070
- Dae Jaweon: page 1338, character 29
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3157, character 7
- Unihan data for U+7CD6
Chinese
edittrad. | 糖/醣 | |
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simp. | 糖 | |
2nd round simp. | 𰪩 | |
alternative forms | 餹/糖 饄 糛 𥼽/𥹥 𥽻 | |
醣 - “saccharide” |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 糖 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l'aːŋ) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 唐 (OC *ɡl'aːŋ).
Etymology
editOriginal meaning was “sweet rice cake” or “sugar syrup”. Cognate with 餳 (OC *ljaːŋ).
Compare Proto-Lingao lhaŋ2 ("sugar"), whence Lincheng /haŋ˧/, Qiongshan /liaŋ˩˧/.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tang2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тон (ton, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): tong2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ton1
- Northern Min (KCR): tô̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): tòng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tung2 / tng2 / torng2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6daon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dan2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: táng
- Wade–Giles: tʻang2
- Yale: táng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarng
- Palladius: тан (tan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: tang2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tang
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaŋ²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тон (ton, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tong4 / tong4-2
- Yale: tòhng / tóng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tong4 / tong4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: tong4 / tong4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔːŋ²¹/, /tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- tong4 - “sugar”;
- tong4-2 - “candy”.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hong3 / hong3*
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔŋ²²/, /hɔŋ²²⁻²²⁵/
Note:
- hong3 - “sugar”;
- hong3* - “candy”.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: tong2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔŋ²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thòng
- Hakka Romanization System: tongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tong2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: tong
- Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ton1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tô̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰouŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tung2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰuŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰŋ̍¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: torng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɒŋ¹³/
- (Putian)
Note:
- tung2/tng2 - vernacular;
- torng2 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore, Philippines, Medan, Klang)
- (Hokkien: Changtai, Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thôⁿ
- Tâi-lô: thônn
- Phofsit Daibuun: tvoo
- IPA (Changtai): /tʰɔ̃²⁴/
- IPA (Longyan): /tʰõ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore, Philippines, Medan)
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâng
- Tâi-lô: thâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: taang
- IPA (Longyan): /tʰaŋ¹¹/
Note:
- thn̂g/thôⁿ - vernacular;
- thông/thâng - literary.
Note:
- to5 - vernacular;
- tang5 - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: dang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.lˤaŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːŋ/
Definitions
edit糖
- sugar
- Short for 糖果 (tángguǒ). sweets; candy; lollies; confectionery (Classifier: 顆/颗 m; 粒 c)
- (organic chemistry) saccharide; carbohydrate
- † to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs
- 蟹之將糖,躁擾彌甚。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Southern Qi, by Xiao Zixian, 6th century CE
- Xiè zhī jiāng táng, zàorǎo mí shèn. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
蟹之将糖,躁扰弥甚。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- (Internet slang, figurative) loveable and likeable, cute
- 撒糖 ― sǎtáng ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (transgender slang, figurative) HRT (hormone replacement therapy) drugs, especially pills
Synonyms
edit- (sweets):
Compounds
edit- 丁丁糖 (dīngdīngtáng)
- 丙糖 (bǐngtáng)
- 乞糖
- 乳糖 (rǔtáng)
- 二糖 (èrtáng)
- 五碳糖 (wǔtàntáng)
- 代糖 (dàitáng)
- 低血糖 (dīxuètáng)
- 來蘇糖/来苏糖 (láisūtáng)
- 六碳糖 (liùtàntáng)
- 冰糖 (bīngtáng)
- 冰糖壺盧/冰糖壶卢
- 冰糖葫蘆/冰糖葫芦 (bīngtáng húlu)
- 冰花糖
- 升糖指數 (shēngtáng zhǐshù)
- 半乳糖 (bànrǔtáng)
- 南糖
- 口香糖 (kǒuxiāngtáng)
- 吹糖
- 吹糖人
- 吹糖人兒/吹糖人儿
- 喜糖 (xǐtáng)
- 單糖/单糖 (dāntáng)
- 四碳糖
- 多糖 (duōtáng)
- 多糖體/多糖体
- 太妃糖 (tàifēitáng)
- 寡糖 (guǎtáng)
- 寶塔糖/宝塔糖
- 寶糖/宝糖
- 己糖 (jǐtáng)
- 庚糖
- 戊糖 (wùtáng)
- 扭股兒糖/扭股儿糖
- 拿糖
- 拿糖作醋
- 方糖 (fāngtáng)
- 木糖 (mùtáng)
- 木聚糖
- 木酮糖 (mùtóngtáng)
- 果味膠糖/果味胶糖
- 果寡糖
- 果糖 (guǒtáng)
- 桂糖
- 核糖 (hétáng)
- 核糖核酸 (hétánghésuān)
- 核糖體/核糖体 (hétángtǐ)
- 桂花糖
- 核酮糖 (hétóngtáng)
- 條兒糖/条儿糖
- 條糖兒/条糖儿
- 梨膏糖 (lígāotáng)
- 棒棒糖 (bàngbàngtáng)
- 棒糖 (bàngtáng)
- 棉花糖 (miánhuātáng)
- 楓糖/枫糖 (fēngtáng)
- 槭糖漿/槭糖浆 (cùtángjiāng)
- 橄欖糖/橄榄糖
- 欖糖/榄糖
- 氨基葡糖
- 氨基葡萄糖
- 水果糖
- 沙糖 (shātáng)
- 波板糖 (bōbǎntáng)
- 泡泡口香糖
- 泡泡糖 (pàopàotáng)
- 洗心糖
- 洋糖
- 混糖
- 澆切糖/浇切糖
- 無糖/无糖 (wútáng)
- 焦糖 (jiāotáng)
- 熬糖
- 牛奶糖 (niúnǎitáng)
- 牛皮糖
- 猊糖
- 獸糖/兽糖
- 琥珀糖
- 甜菊糖
- 畫糖/画糖
- 白砂糖 (báishātáng)
- 白糖 (báitáng)
- 砂糖 (shātáng)
- 砂糖魚兒/砂糖鱼儿
- 破米糟糖
- 硬糖 (yìngtáng)
- 窠絲糖/窠丝糖
- 窩絲糖/窝丝糖
- 糖人 (tángrén)
- 糖人兒/糖人儿
- 糖元
- 糖分 (tángfèn)
- 糖化 (tánghuà)
- 糖原 (tángyuán)
- 糖婚
- 糖尿病 (tángniàobìng)
- 糖廠/糖厂 (tángchǎng)
- 糖彈/糖弹 (tángdàn)
- 糖房
- 糖果 (tángguǒ)
- 糖水 (tángshuǐ)
- 糖汁
- 糖漿/糖浆 (tángjiāng)
- 糖炒栗子
- 糖瓜 (tángguā)
- 糖異生/糖异生 (tángyìshēng)
- 糖皮質激素/糖皮质激素 (tángpízhìjīsù)
- 糖稀 (tángxī)
- 糖粉 (tángfěn)
- 糖精 (tángjīng)
- 糖紙/糖纸
- 糖罐
- 糖脂 (tángzhī)
- 糖舌蜜口
- 糖苷 (tánggān)
- 糖苷類/糖苷类
- 糖萼
- 糖葫蘆/糖葫芦 (tánghúlu)
- 糖蒜 (tángsuàn)
- 糖蘿蔔/糖萝卜 (tángluóbo)
- 糖蛋白 (tángdànbái)
- 糖蜜 (tángmì)
- 糖蟹
- 糖衣 (tángyī)
- 糖衣炮彈/糖衣炮弹 (tángyī pàodàn)
- 糖解作用
- 糖質新生/糖质新生 (tángzhìxīnshēng)
- 糖酯
- 糖酵解 (tángjiàojiě)
- 糖醋 (tángcù)
- 糖醇 (tángchún)
- 糖醋肉 (tángcùròu)
- 糖醋里脊
- 糖醋魚/糖醋鱼
- 糖霜 (tángshuāng)
- 糖類/糖类 (tánglèi)
- 糖食 (tángshí)
- 糖餅/糖饼 (tángbǐng)
- 紅糖/红糖 (hóngtáng)
- 綿白糖/绵白糖 (miánbáitáng)
- 綿糖/绵糖 (miántáng)
- 繭糖/茧糖
- 肝糖 (gāntáng)
- 肽聚糖 (tàijùtáng)
- 脫氧核糖/脱氧核糖 (tuōyǎng hétáng)
- 膠姆糖/胶姆糖 (jiāomǔtáng)
- 菊糖
- 葡糖 (pútáng)
- 葡萄糖 (pútáotáng)
- 蔗糖 (zhètáng)
- 蜂糖 (fēngtáng)
- 蠟糖人/蜡糖人
- 血糖 (xuètáng)
- 詹糖
- 賣糖/卖糖
- 軟糖/软糖 (ruǎntáng)
- 轉化糖/转化糖
- 透糖
- 遼花糖/辽花糖
- 配糖體/配糖体 (pèitángtǐ)
- 酥糖
- 酮糖 (tóngtáng)
- 醛糖 (quántáng)
- 鉤子麻糖/钩子麻糖
- 關東糖/关东糖
- 阿拉伯糖 (ālābótáng)
- 雙糖/双糖 (shuāngtáng)
- 霜糖
- 響糖/响糖
- 響糖獅子/响糖狮子
- 食糖 (shítáng)
- 飴糖/饴糖 (yítáng)
- 餳糖/饧糖
- 饗糖/飨糖
- 高血糖 (gāoxuètáng)
- 高血糖症
- 麥芽糖/麦芽糖 (màiyátáng)
- 麻糖 (mátáng)
- 麻酥糖
- 黃糖/黄糖 (huángtáng)
- 黃繭糖/黄茧糖
- 黑糖 (hēitáng)
- 鼻凹糖
Descendants
editOthers:
References
edit- “糖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03070
Japanese
editShinjitai | 糖 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
糖 糖 or 糖+ ︀ ?
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糖󠄀 糖+ 󠄀 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
糖󠄃 糖+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
edit糖
(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 糖)
Readings
edit- Go-on: どう (dō)←だう (dau, historical)
- Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←たう (tau, historical)
- Tō-on: たん (tan)
- Kun: あめ (ame, 糖)
- Nanori: あら (ara)
Compounds
editCompounds
- 果糖 (katō): fructose
- 血糖 (kettō): blood sugar
- 砂糖 (satō): sugar
- 蔗糖 (shotō): sucrose
- 西瓜糖 (suikatō): watermelon sugar, sugar made by concentrating watermelon juice
- 糖衣 (tōi)
- 糖化 (tōka): saccharification
- 糖原 (tōgen): glycogen
- 糖尿病 (tōnyōbyō)
- 糖分 (tōbun)
- 糖類 (tōrui)
- 乳糖 (nyūtō): lactose
- 麦芽糖 (bakugatō): maltose
- 楓糖 (fūtō): maple sugar
- 葡萄糖 (budōtō): glucose
Kanji in this term |
---|
糖 |
とう Grade: 6 |
on'yomi |
Etymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 糖 (MC dang, “sugar”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editReferences
edit- ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, , page 1635 (paper), page 869 (digital)
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Chinese 糖 (MC dang).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 따ᇰ (Yale: ttang) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 다ᇰ (tang) (Yale: tang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ta̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [당]
Hanja
editCompounds
editCompounds
Etymology 2
editFrom Early Mandarin 糖 (táng).
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tʰa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [탕]
Hanja
editCompounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
editHan character
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading だう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading とう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading たう
- Japanese kanji with tōon reading たん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あめ
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