紙
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
紙 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女火竹女心 (VFHVP), four-corner 22940, composition ⿰糹氏)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 918, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27293
- Dae Jaweon: page 1347, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3375, character 12
- Unihan data for U+7D19
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 紙 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 纸 | |
| alternative forms | 帋 𦀦 𥾬 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 紙 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kjeʔ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 氏 (OC *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ).
EtymologyEdit
Unknown. It has been connected to Vietnamese giấy (< Proto-Vietic *k-cajʔ).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
紙
- (countable) paper (Classifier: 張／张)
- 自古書契多編以竹簡，其用縑帛者謂之為紙。縑貴而簡重，並不便於人。倫乃造意，用樹膚、麻頭及敝布、魚網以為紙。元興元年奏上之，帝善其能，自是莫不從用焉，故天下咸稱「蔡侯紙」。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
- Zìgǔ shūqì duō biān yǐ zhújiǎn, qí yòng jiānbó zhě wèi zhī wéi zhǐ. Jiān guì ér jiǎn zhòng, bìng bù biàn yú rén. Lún nǎi zàoyì, yòng shùfū, mátóu jí bìbù, yúwǎng yǐ wéi zhǐ. Yuánxìng yuánnián zòu shàng zhī, dì shàn qí néng, zì shì mò bù cóng yòng yān, gù tiānxià xián chēng “Cài hóu zhǐ”. [Pinyin]
- In ancient times writings and inscriptions were generally made on tablets of bamboo or on pieces of silk called zhi. But silk being costly and bamboos heavy they were not convenient to use. Cai Lun then initiated the idea of making paper from the bark of trees, remnants of hemp, rags of cloth and fishing nets. He submitted the process to the emperor in the first year of Yuanxing and received praise for his ability. From this time, paper has been in use everywhere and is universally called "the paper of Marquis Cai".
自古书契多编以竹简，其用缣帛者谓之为纸。缣贵而简重，并不便于人。伦乃造意，用树肤、麻头及敝布、鱼网以为纸。元兴元年奏上之，帝善其能，自是莫不从用焉，故天下咸称“蔡侯纸”。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (chiefly Cantonese) currency
- (Cantonese, countable) banknote; bill (Classifier: 張／张)
- Classifier for document and letters.
- Short for 紙錢／纸钱 (zhǐqián, “paper made to resemble money and burnt as an offering to the dead”).
- (Mandarin, neologism, slang) Pronunciation spelling of 子 (zǐ).
- a surname
SynonymsEdit
Dialectal synonyms of 紙 (“paper”) [map]
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 紙
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DescendantsEdit
Others:
ReferencesEdit
- “紙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03100
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
紙
Alternative formsEdit
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 折紙 (origami), 折り紙 (origami, “origami”)
- 切紙 (kirigami), 切り紙 (kirigami, “kirigami”)
- 紙幣 (shihei, “paper money, bill, note”)
- 手紙 (tegami, “letter”)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 紙 |
| かみ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]
Appears to be a shift in pronunciation from the Middle Chinese term 簡 (MC kˠɛnX), borrowed into Japanese with the pronunciation kan.[2][3]
- /kaɴ/ → */kamu/ → /kami/
Earlier Japanese writing was ambiguous regarding the final n sound spelled ん in modern Japanese, with this sound often spelled (and possibly pronounced) as む (mu) instead. Compare the similar appearance of an excrescent final -i in the derivation of 文 (fumi) from borrowed bun or pun.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- [from 720] paper
Derived termsEdit
- 紙パック (kamipakku)
ReferencesEdit
- ^ “紙”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- ^ “紙”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen)[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 紙 |
| し Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 紙 (MC t͡ɕiᴇX).
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
AffixEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕi]
- Phonetic hangul: [지]
HanjaEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
紙: Hán Nôm readings: chỉ, giấy
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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