紙

See also: 纸 and 帋

紙	U+7D19, 紙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D19

← 紘
[U+7D18]

CJK Unified Ideographs

級 →
[U+7D1A]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

紙 (radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女火竹女心 (VFHVP), four-corner 2294₀, composition ⿰糸氏)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 918, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27293
Dae Jaweon: page 1347, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3375, character 12
Unihan data for U+7D19

ChineseEdit

trad.		紙
simp.		纸

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 紙
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (氏) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
氏	skeŋ, kje, *ɡjeʔ
衹	kje, ɡe
紙	*kjeʔ
帋	*kjeʔ
扺	*kjeʔ
坁	*kjeʔ
汦	kjeʔ, tjil
忯	ɡje, ɡe
眂	ɡje, ɡils
舐	*ɦljeʔ
芪	*ɡe
祇	*ɡe
疧	*ɡe
軝	*ɡe
蚔	*ɡe

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kjeʔ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 氏 (OC *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ).

EtymologyEdit

Unknown. It has been connected to Vietnamese giấy (< Proto-Vietic *k-cajʔ).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhǐ (zhi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˇ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): зы (zɨ, II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́
Min Dong (BUC): cāi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chóa / chí

(Teochew, Peng'im): zua²
Wu (Wiktionary): tsr (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
  - Wade–Giles: chih³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: зы (zɨ, II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi²
  - Yale: jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chóa / chí
  - Tâi-lô: tsuá / tsí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoar, cie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sua⁵³/, /t͡ɕi⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sua⁵⁵⁴/, /t͡ɕi⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sua⁵³/, /t͡ɕi⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sua⁵³/, /t͡ɕi⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sua⁴¹/, /t͡ɕi⁴¹/

Note:

chóa - vernacular;
chí - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zua²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuá
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sua⁵²/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tsr (T2)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇ^X/

Rime
Character	紙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	諸氏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciə̆^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕie^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕǐe^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǐ

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k.teʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kjeʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	紙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsye^X ›
Old Chinese	/*k.teʔ/
English	paper
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	紙
Reading #	1/1
No.	11516
Phonetic component	氏
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	紙
Old Chinese	/*kjeʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

紙

paper (Classifier: 張／张)
她買了紙、筆等文具。 [MSC, trad.]
她买了纸、笔等文具。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā mǎi le zhǐ, bǐ děng wénjù. [Pinyin]
She bought paper, pens, and other such stationery.

他用棕色的紙把包裹包起來。 [MSC, trad.]
他用棕色的纸把包裹包起来。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā yòng zōngsè de zhǐ bǎ bāoguǒ bāo qǐlái. [Pinyin]
He wrapped brown paper around the package.
- 自古書契多編以竹簡，其用縑帛者謂之為紙。縑貴而簡重，並不便於人。倫乃造意，用樹膚、麻頭及敝布、魚網以為紙。元興元年奏上之，帝善其能，自是莫不從用焉，故天下咸稱「蔡侯紙」。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  自古书契多编以竹简，其用缣帛者谓之为纸。缣贵而简重，并不便于人。伦乃造意，用树肤、麻头及敝布、鱼网以为纸。元兴元年奏上之，帝善其能，自是莫不从用焉，故天下咸称“蔡侯纸”。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5^th century CE
  Zìgǔ shūqì duō biān yǐ zhújiǎn, qí yòng jiānbó zhě wèi zhī wéi zhǐ. Jiān guì ér jiǎn zhòng, bìng bù biàn yú rén. Lún nǎi zàoyì, yòng shùfū, mátóu jí bìbù, yúwǎng yǐ wéi zhǐ. Yuánxìng yuánnián zòu shàng zhī, dì shàn qí néng, zì shì mò bù cóng yòng yān, gù tiānxià xián chēng “Cài hóu zhǐ”. [Pinyin]
  In ancient times writings and inscriptions were generally made on tablets of bamboo or on pieces of silk called zhi. But silk being costly and bamboos heavy they were not convenient to use. Cai Lun then initiated the idea of making paper from the bark of trees, remnants of hemp, rags of cloth and fishing nets. He submitted the process to the emperor in the first year of Yuanxing and received praise for his ability. From this time, paper has been in use everywhere and is universally called "the paper of Marquis Cai".
(chiefly Cantonese) currency
港紙 / 港纸 [Cantonese] ― gong² zi² [Jyutping] ― Hong Kong dollar

加紙 / 加纸 [Cantonese] ― gaa¹ zi² [Jyutping] ― Canadian dollar
(Cantonese) banknote; bill (Classifier: 張／张)
十蚊紙 / 十蚊纸 [Cantonese] ― sap⁶ man¹ zi² [Jyutping] ― ten-dollar bill
Classifier for document and letters.
Short for 紙錢／纸钱 (zhǐqián, “paper made to resemble money and burnt as an offering to the dead”).
(Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 子.
妹紙 / 妹纸 ― mèizhǐ ― girl

胖紙 / 胖纸 ― pàngzhǐ ― fatty
A surname.