聊以卒歲

Chinese

			to get through the year; to spend days; to pass days
trad. (聊以卒歲)		聊以	卒歲
simp. (聊以卒岁)		聊以	卒岁

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liáoyǐzúsuì

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄧˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄙㄨㄟˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liáoyǐzúsuì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄧˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄙㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liáoyǐzúsuèi
    • Wade–Giles: liao²-i³-tsu²-sui⁴
    • Yale: lyáu-yǐ-dzú-swèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liauyiitzwusuey
    • Palladius: ляоицзусуй (ljaoiczusuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: lew yiX tswit sjwejH

Rime
Character	聊	以	卒	歲
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	以 (36)	精 (13)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)	之 (19)	諄 (52)	祭 (36)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	IV	III	III	III
Fanqie	落蕭切	羊己切	子聿切	相銳切
Baxter	lew	yiX	tswit	sjwejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leu/	/jɨX/	/t͡siuɪt̚/	/siuᴇiH/
Pan Wuyun	/leu/	/jɨX/	/t͡sʷit̚/	/sʷiɛiH/
Shao Rongfen	/leu/	/ieX/	/t͡sjuet̚/	/siuæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛw/	/jɨX/	/t͡swit̚/	/swiajH/
Li Rong	/leu/	/iəX/	/t͡siuĕt̚/	/siuɛiH/
Wang Li	/lieu/	/jĭəX/	/t͡sĭuĕt̚/	/sĭwɛiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/lieu/	/iX/	/t͡si̯uĕt̚/	/si̯wɛiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáo	yǐ	ju	suì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	liu4	ji5	zeot1	seoi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤiw  ləʔ  [ts]ut  s-qʷʰat-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*m·rɯːw  lɯʔ  ʔsud  sqʰʷads/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	聊	以	卒	歲
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáo	yǐ	zú	suì
Middle Chinese	‹ lew ›	‹ yiX ›	‹ tswit ›	‹ sjwejH ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁiw/	/*ləʔ/	/*[ts]ut/	/*s-qʷʰat-s/
English	rely on	take, use	finish, die	year
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	聊	以	卒	歲
Reading #	1/1	1/1	3/3	1/2
No.	8878	14929	17964	12165
Phonetic component	卯	以	卒	歲
Rime group	幽	之	物	祭
Rime subdivision	2	0	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	聊	以	卒
Old Chinese	/*m·rɯːw/	/*lɯʔ/	/*ʔsud/	/*sqʰʷads/
Notes			裘錫圭康殷皆雲金文象衣加劃表衣縫製完結	甲金文戉分化字， 說文戌聲非

Idiom

聊以卒歲

1. (literary) to live leisurely and carefree
2. (literary) to tide over the year; to scrape a living

   • 不足部分，可以種雜糧、撈魚蝦、飼雞豕，或出賣一部分勞動力，勉強維持生活，於艱難竭蹶之中，存聊以卒歲之想。 [MSC, trad.]
     不足部分，可以种杂粮、捞鱼虾、饲鸡豕，或出卖一部分劳动力，勉强维持生活，于艰难竭蹶之中，存聊以卒岁之想。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1925, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《中國社會各階級的分析》 (Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Bùzú bùfen, kěyǐ zhòng záliáng, lāo yúxiā, sì jī shǐ, huò chūmài yībùfen láodònglì, miǎnqiǎng wéichí shēnghuó, yú jiānnánjiéjué zhī zhōng, cún liáoyǐzúsuì zhī xiǎng. [Pinyin]

     To make up their deficit they cultivate side crops, catch fish or shrimps, raise poultry or pigs, or sell part of their labour power, and thus eke out a living, hoping in the midst of hardship and destitution to tide over the year.