肘

See also: 䏔

肘	U+8098, 肘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8098

← 肗
[U+8097]

CJK Unified Ideographs

肙 →
[U+8099]

Translingual

Han character

肘 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月木戈 (BDI), four-corner 7420₀, composition ⿰月寸(GJK) or ⿰⺼寸(HT))

Derived characters

𤶡

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 974, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29268
Dae Jaweon: page 1425, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2044, character 9
Unihan data for U+8098

Chinese

trad.		肘
simp. ^#		肘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (肘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
肘	*tkuʔ
疛	tuʔ, dus
紂	*duʔ
葤	*duʔ
酎	*l'us

Originally an ideogram (指事) : a hand (又) with a stroke outlining the elbow. This character was distinct from 寸; however, their shapes were too similar, so the radical 肉/⺼ was added to distinguish it, making it an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) .

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-g(r)u (“elbow, cubit”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhǒu (zhou³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zou³
Cantonese (Jyutping): zau² / zaau²
Jin (Wiktionary): zou²
Eastern Min (BUC): diū
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiú

(Teochew, Peng'im): iu² / diu²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tseu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhou³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǒu
  - Wade–Giles: chou³
  - Yale: jǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joou
  - Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zou³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡səu⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zau² / zaau²
  - Yale: jáu / jáau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzau² / dzaau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeo² / zao²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯³⁵/, /t͡saːu̯³⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zou²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səu⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: diū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiú
  - Tâi-lô: tiú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diuo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiu⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iu² / diu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iú / tiú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu⁵²/, /tiu⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tseu
  - MiniDict: tseu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tseu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɤ³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zhou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂəu̯⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡səu̯⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: trjuwX

Rime
Character	肘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟柳切
Baxter	trjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuw^X/
Li Rong	/ȶiu^X/
Wang Li	/ȶĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t-[k]<r>uʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*tkuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	肘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*t-[k]<r>uʔ/
English	elbow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	肘
Reading #	1/1
No.	17544
Phonetic component	肘
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	肘
Old Chinese	/*tkuʔ/
Notes	甲金文象手臂下加指示符，後再加形旁轉註

Definitions

肘

(anatomy) elbow
upper part of a leg of pork (as food)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 胳膊肘 (“elbow”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		肘
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		胳膊肘
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	胳膊肘兒, 胳臂肘兒
	Taiwan	手肘
	Harbin	胳膊肘子, 胳膊肘兒
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	胳膊肘, 胳膊肘兒, 胳膊肘子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	胳膊肘兒, 拐肘, 胳膊彎兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	胳膊肘兒
	Wanrong	胳肘子
	Xi'an	胳肘子
	Xining	胳杵子
	Xuzhou	胳膊肘兒, 胳膊肘子
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	胳肘子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	胳肘子
	Lanzhou	胳肘子
	Ürümqi	胳肘子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	倒拐子, 手倒拐
	Wuhan	倒拐, 倒拐頭, 拐子
	Guiyang	手道拐
	Kunming	手拐子
	Liuzhou	手拐, 手膝蓋
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	胳膀垂兒, 胳膀肘兒
	Yangzhou	膀節彎子, 膀彎子, 胳膊肘子
	Nantong	手彎子, 手拐子
	Hefei	胳膊肘
Cantonese	Guangzhou	手㬹
	Hong Kong	手㬹
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	手㬹
	Taishan	手鑿
	Dongguan	手㬹
	Yangjiang	手鑿
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	手㬹
Gan	Nanchang	斗㬹
	Lichuan	斗㬹公
	Pingxiang	掌肘
Hakka	Meixian	手㬹
	Xingning	手㬹
	Huidong (Daling)	手㬹
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	手㬹
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	手㬹
	Changting	手㬹
	Wuping	手㬹角頭
	Wuping (Pingyu)	手㬹
	Liancheng	手㬹
	Ninghua	手㬹
	Yudu	手㬹
	Ruijin	手㬹
	Shicheng	手㬹
	Shangyou (Shexi)	手㬹
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	手㬹
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	手㬹
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	手㬹
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	手㬹
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	手㬹
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	手㬹
	Hong Kong	手㬹
	Senai (Huiyang)	手㬹角
Huizhou	Jixi	手肘尖
Huizhou	Shexian	肘腮頭
Jin	Taiyuan	胳扭子, 胳肘子, 胳肘, 胳膊肘
Jin	Xinzhou	胳扭
Northern Min	Jian'ou	手角䟓
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	手𩨑
Eastern Min	Fuqing	手臂𩨑
Southern Min	Xiamen	手後臼, 手後蹬, 手後曲, 手曲
	Quanzhou	手後捅
	Jinjiang	手後捅
	Zhangzhou	手後曲, 手曲, 手後臼
	Taipei	手後曲
	Kaohsiung	手後蹬
	Yilan	手後彎
	Changhua (Lukang)	手後曲
	Taichung	手後曲
	Taichung (Wuqi)	手後曲
	Tainan	手曲
	Taitung	手後曲
	Hsinchu	手後曲
	Penghu (Magong)	手後曲
	Singapore (Hokkien)	手後蹬
	Chaozhou	手後捅
	Shantou	手後捅
	Leizhou	手趺
	Haikou	手趺
Puxian Min	Putian	手彎
Puxian Min	Xianyou	手彎
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	米臂尖
Wu	Shanghai	臂撐子
	Shanghai (Chongming)	臂杖子
	Suzhou	臂膊撐子, 臂膊撐骨
	Danyang	手臂彎彎
	Hangzhou	手拄撐頭
	Ningbo	手㬹子頭
	Wenzhou	手㬹頭, 手㬹根頭
	Jinhua	手臂囊頭
Xiang	Changsha	倒肘, 手拐子, 倒拐子, 倒拐
	Shuangfeng	手杵子
	Hengyang	手後跟

Compounds

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

肘

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji

肘

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ちゅう (chū)
Kan-on: ちゅう (chū)
Kun: ひじ (hiji, 肘, Jōyō)^{←ひぢ (fidi, 肘, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
肘
ひじ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
肱臂

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.^[1] From Proto-Japonic *penti.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひじ [hìjíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]
IPA^(key): [çiʑi]

Noun

肘(ひじ) • (hiji) ^{←ひぢ (fidi)^?}

elbow

References

^ “肘・肱・臂”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 肘 (MC trjuwX). Recorded as Middle Korean 듀〯 (tyǔ) (Yale: tyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

肘

Wikisource

肘 (eumhun 팔꿈치 주 (palkkumchi ju))

hanja form^? of 주 (“elbow”)

Compounds

주액 (肘腋, juaek)
주관절 (肘關節, jugwanjeol)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

肘: Hán Nôm readings: khuỷu, trửu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[KDJ2-1] “肘・肱・臂”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]