肺

肺 U+80BA, 肺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80BA
← 肹
[U+80B9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 肻 →
[U+80BB]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

肺 (radical 130, 肉+4 in Chinese, 肉+5 in Japanese, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 月十月 (BJB) or 月卜中月 (BYLB), four-corner 75227, composition ⿰月市(GHTKV) or ⿰月巿(J))

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 976, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29328
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1428, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2047, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+80BA

ChineseEdit

trad. 肺
simp. # 肺

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (巿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
沛 *poːbs, *pʰoːbs
芾 *poːbs, *pubs, *pub
伂 *poːbs
霈 *pʰoːbs
旆 *boːbs
肺 *pʰobs
杮 *pʰobs
巿 *pub

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pʰobs): semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 巿 (OC *pub).

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p-wap (“lung”).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • Sixian:
    • fi - literary;
    • hi - vernacular.
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
      • hì - vernacular;
      • hùi - literary.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 肺
    Mandarin Beijing /fei⁵¹/
    Harbin /fei⁵³/
    Tianjin /fei⁵³/
    Jinan /fei²¹/
    Qingdao /fe⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /fi³¹²/
    Xi'an /fi⁴⁴/
    Xining /fɨ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /fei¹³/
    Lanzhou /fei¹³/
    Ürümqi /fei²¹³/
    Wuhan /fei³⁵/
    Chengdu /fei¹³/
    Guiyang /fei²²¹³/
    Kunming /fei²¹²/
    Nanjing /fəi⁴⁴/
    Hefei /fe⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /fei⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /xuei³⁵/
    Hohhot /fei⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /fi³⁵/
    Suzhou /fi⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /fi⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /fei⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /fe³²⁴/
    Tunxi /fe⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /fei⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /ɸəi⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /fɨi⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /fi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /fui⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐi³³/
    Nanning /fɐi³³/
    Hong Kong /fɐi³³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hui²¹/
    /hi²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hiɛ²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xi³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hui²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hui³⁵/
    /fɔi³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 肺
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
    Final (韻) 廢 (28)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 方廢切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pʰʉɐiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pʰʷiɐiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pʰiuɐiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pʰuajH/
    Li
    Rong         		/pʰiuɐiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/pʰĭwɐiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pʰi̯wɐiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fèi
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 肺
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fèi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ phjojH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pʰo[t]-s/
    English lung

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 肺
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3293
    Phonetic
    component         		巿
    Rime
    group         		祭
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pʰobs/
    Notes 芳由方校改

    DefinitionsEdit

    肺

    1. (anatomy) lung
    SynonymsEdit
    Dialectal synonyms of 肺 (“lung”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 肺
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 肺, 肺臟
    Mandarin Taiwan 肺
    Harbin 肺, 肺子
    Muping 肺
    Jinan 肺
    Luoyang 肺, 肺家 TCM
    Xi'an 肺
    Yinchuan 肺
    Lanzhou 肺子
    Xining 肺
    Ürümqi 肺子
    Wuhan 肺
    Chengdu 肺
    Guiyang 肺
    Xuzhou 肺
    Yangzhou 肺
    Nanjing 肺子, 肺
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 肺子
    Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 肺子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 肺
    Hong Kong 肺
    Taishan 肺
    Dongguan 肺
    Gan Nanchang 肺
    Lichuan 肺
    Pingxiang 肺, 肺巴子
    Hakka Meixian 肺家
    Yudu 肺
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 肺
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 肺
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 肺家
    Dongshi (Dabu) 肺家
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 肺家
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 肺
    Huizhou Jixi 肺
    Jin Taiyuan 肺
    Xinzhou 肺子
    Min Dong Fuzhou 肺
    Min Nan Leizhou 肺
    Haikou 肺
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 肺
    Wu Shanghai 肺
    Chongming 肺
    Suzhou 肺
    Danyang 肺
    Hangzhou 肺
    Ningbo 肺, 肺家
    Wenzhou 肺, 肺斗
    Jinhua 肺
    Xiang Changsha 肺
    Note TCM - traditional Chinese medicine

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 肺

    Etymology 2Edit

    PronunciationEdit

    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 肺
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		pèi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ phajH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pʰˁ[a][t]-s/
    English dense, luxuriant (foliage)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    DefinitionsEdit

    肺

    1. Only used in 肺肺.

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    肺

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. lung

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    • pukupukusi → ɸukuɸusi.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    肺(ふくふくし) • (fukufukushi) 

    1. (anatomy) lung
      • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (page 68)
        心肺 々音辨 々訓布々久々之
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 2, page 35)
        肺 白虎通云 音廢 布久布久之 [...] 金之精也 色白 [...] 肺藏也 [...]
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    肺
    はい
    Grade: 6

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    肺(はい) • (hai) 

    1. (anatomy) lung
    SynonymsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 肺 (MC pʰʉɐiH). Recorded as Middle Korean 폐〯 (Yale: phyěy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    PronunciationEdit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pʰje̞ː] ~ [pʰe̞ː]
    • Phonetic hangeul: [폐ː/페ː]
      • Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    肺 (eumhun 허파 폐 (heopa pye))

    1. Hanja form? of 폐 (“lungs”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    肺: Hán Nôm readings: phế, phổi, chị

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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