胡
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
胡 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十口月 (JRB), four-corner 47620, composition ⿰古月(GJKV) or ⿰古⺼(HT))
Derived charactersEdit
- 𪝍, 㗅, 𡎁, 媩, 𢰮, 湖, 猢, 楜, 煳, 瑚, 𥔓, 糊, 蝴, 𧛞, 䠒, 醐, 鍸, 䩴, 餬(𫗫), 鰗(𬶞), 𪍒, 𪐉, 𪕱, 𤭱, 𮍂, 鶘(鹕), 𪕮, 衚, 𢉢, 葫, 㾰, 箶, 鬍, 𡹹, 𧍵, 𨡷, 𩀉, 䭌, 鶦(𫛷), 𧛫, 𮠐
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 979, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29400
- Dae Jaweon: page 1431, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2056, character 8
- Unihan data for U+80E1
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 胡 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 箇 | *kaːls |
| 個 | *kaːls |
| 居 | *kɯ, *kas |
| 橭 | *kaː, *kʰaː |
| 嫴 | *kaː |
| 姑 | *kaː |
| 辜 | *kaː |
| 酤 | *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ |
| 蛄 | *kaː |
| 鴣 | *kaː |
| 沽 | *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs |
| 盬 | *kaː, *kaːʔ |
| 古 | *kaːʔ |
| 罟 | *kaːʔ |
| 估 | *kaːʔ |
| 鈷 | *kaːʔ |
| 詁 | *kaːʔ |
| 牯 | *kaːʔ |
| 故 | *kaːs |
| 固 | *kaːs |
| 稒 | *kaːɡs |
| 痼 | *kaːɡs |
| 錮 | *kaːɡs |
| 鯝 | *kaːɡs |
| 棝 | *kaːɡs |
| 凅 | *kaːɡs |
| 枯 | *kʰaː |
| 軲 | *kʰaː |
| 跍 | *kʰaː |
| 骷 | *kʰaː |
| 苦 | *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs |
| 葫 | *qʰaː, *ɡaː |
| 餬 | *ɡaː |
| 瑚 | *ɡaː |
| 湖 | *ɡaː |
| 鶘 | *ɡaː |
| 猢 | *ɡaː |
| 醐 | *ɡaː |
| 糊 | *ɡaː |
| 箶 | *ɡaː |
| 蝴 | *ɡaː |
| 胡 | *ɡaː |
| 瓳 | *ɡaː |
| 怙 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 祜 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 岵 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 婟 | *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs |
| 楛 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 据 | *ka |
| 裾 | *ka |
| 琚 | *ka |
| 椐 | *ka, *kas, *kʰa |
| 鶋 | *ka |
| 蜛 | *ka |
| 崌 | *ka |
| 涺 | *ka |
| 腒 | *ka, *ɡa |
| 鋸 | *kas |
| 倨 | *kas |
| 踞 | *kas |
| 涸 | *ɡaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡaː): phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) + semantic ⺼.
Etymology 1Edit
| trad. | 胡 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 胡 | |
- "dewlap"
- A derivative is 鬍 (“beard”) (Schuessler, 2007).
- "steppe nomads"
- Etymology unknown (Schuessler, 2007).
- interrogative word ("what; why; how")
- Cognate with 何 (OC *ɡaːl, “what; where; why; how”), Tibetan ག་ན (ga na, “where; how”), Tibetan ག་རུ (ga ru, “to where”) (Schuessler, 2007). See 何 (hé) for more.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
胡
- (obsolete) wattle; dewlap (fleshy lobe hanging from the head or neck of animals)
- (obsolete) wattle-like object, such as pendent parts on implements
- (literary) how; why; what
- 式微，式微！胡不歸？ [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Shìwēi, shìwēi! Hú bù guī? [Pinyin]
- Reduced! Reduced! Why not return?
式微，式微！胡不归？ [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (historical) barbarian; a generic term for any non-Han peoples who lived to the north and west of China's borders
- 胡人 ― húrén ― foreigner
- 胡之無弓車也，非無弓車也，夫人而能為弓車也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3rd century BCE
- Hú zhī wú gōngchē yě, fēi wú gōngchē yě, fú rén ér néng wéi gōngchē yě. [Pinyin]
- If one says the Hu / neighbouring peoples have no artificers who are specialised in making bows and carriages, it does not mean there are no bows and carriages; on the contrary, every workman is able to manufacture bows and carriages.
胡之无弓车也，非无弓车也，夫人而能为弓车也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (historical) countries and peoples in the Western Regions, including Persia, Daqin, and in Pre-Tang texts, India
- (by extension) introduced from the northern or western non-Han peoples or from abroad; non-Chinese; foreign; imported
- Short for 胡琴 (húqín, “huqin; general term for two-stringed bowed instruments with origins in the western non-Han peoples”).
- (historical) (～國) State of Hu in the Spring and Autumn Period in modern-day Anhui, conquered by the State of Chu in 496 BCE
- (obsolete) black; dark-skinned
- (obsolete) far; great; senior
- outrageously; recklessly; wildly; foolishly
- a surname
SynonymsEdit
- (why):
- (barbarian): 番 (fān)
DescendantsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 胡
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Etymology 2Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 鬍 (“beard; moustache; whiskers”). (This character, 胡, is the simplified form of 鬍.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 3Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 衚. (This character, 胡, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 衚.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 4Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 葫 (“garlic”). (This character, 胡, is the second-round simplified form of 葫.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 5Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 猢. (This character, 胡, is the second-round simplified form of 猢.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 6Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 蝴 (“butterfly”). (This character, 胡, is the second-round simplified form of 蝴.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 7Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 糊 (“congee; rice gruel; porridge; to eat gruel to allay one's hunger; etc.”). (This character, 胡, is the second-round simplified form of 糊.) |
Notes:
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ReferencesEdit
- “胡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
胡
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
胡 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
胡: Hán Nôm readings: hồ, hò, ha
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.