脂

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

脂 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月心日 (BPA), four-corner 7126₁, composition ⿰月旨(GJK) or ⿰⺼旨(HT))

Derived charactersEdit

㴯, 𫆻

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 981, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29463
Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2069, character 6
Unihan data for U+8102

ChineseEdit

trad.		脂
simp. ^#		脂

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 脂
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (旨) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
稽	kiː, kʰiːʔ
詣	*ŋɡiːs
栺	ŋɡiːs, kji
榰	*klje
脂	*kji
鴲	kji, kjis
指	*kjiʔ
旨	*kjiʔ
恉	*kjiʔ
嗜	*ɡjis
蓍	*qʰlji
鰭	*ɡri
耆	*ɡri
鮨	*ɡri
鬐	*ɡri

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kji): semantic 月 (“meat”) + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ).

EtymologyEdit

It is thought to descend from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsil (“fat, grease”), although the initial does not match the one of the Old Chinese reconstruction (Matisoff, STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhī, zhǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄓ, ㄓˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂
Min Dong (BUC): ciĕ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chi / chí

(Teochew, Peng'im): zin¹
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹tsr

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhī
  - Zhuyin: ㄓ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhih
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹
  - Yale: jr̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
  - Wade–Giles: chih³
  - Yale: jř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sie⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi
  - Tâi-lô: tsi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cy
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕi³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
  - Tâi-lô: tsí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cie
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕi⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zin¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ¹tsr
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiɪ/

Rime
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	旨夷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕi/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ci/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕi/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕi/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kij/

(Zhengzhang): /*kji/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyij ›
Old Chinese	/*kij/
English	fat, grease
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
No.	17322
Phonetic component	旨
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	脂
Old Chinese	/*kji/

DefinitionsEdit

脂

fat; grease; lard
- 手如柔荑，膚如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  手如柔荑，肤如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Shǒu rú róu tí, fū rú níng zhī. [Pinyin]
  Her fingers were like the blades of the young white-grass;
  Her skin was like congealed ointment;
Short for 胭脂 (yānzhi, “rouge”).
脂粉 ― zhīfěn ― rouge and powder