脾

脾	U+813E, 脾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-813E

脾	U+2F985, 脾 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F985

← 䐋
[U+2F984]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

媵 →
[U+2F986]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

脾 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月竹田十 (BHWJ), four-corner 7624₀, composition ⿰月卑)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 985, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29579
Dae Jaweon: page 1438, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2089, character 3
Unihan data for U+813E

Unihan data for U+2F985

Chinese edit

trad.		脾
simp. ^#		脾

Wikipedia has articles on:

脾 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Spleen (Chinese medicine) (English)

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (卑) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
捭	*preːʔ
牌	breː, breː
郫	breː, bre, *be
蠯	breː, be, *breːŋʔ
猈	breːʔ, breː
稗	*breːs
粺	*breːs
𥱼	*breː
豍	*peː
箄	peː, pe, *peʔ
錍	pʰeː, pe
睥	*pʰeːs
渒	pʰeːs, pe
鼙	*beː
鞞	beː, pe, peʔ, peːŋʔ
椑	beː, pe, beɡ, beːɡ
崥	beː, peʔ
髀	beːʔ, peʔ, *piʔ
卑	*pe
鵯	pe, pʰiɡ
裨	pe, be
痺	*pe
碑	*pre
婢	peʔ, beʔ
諀	*pʰeʔ
脾	*be
埤	*be
陴	*be
蜱	be, mbew
焷	*be
螷	be, breːŋʔ
庳	*beʔ
琕	*biːŋ
萆	beɡ, slɯʔ
綼	biɡ, peːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *be) : semantic ⺼ (“organ”) + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-paj (“spleen”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pí (pi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pei⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pì / phì
Eastern Min (BUC): bì
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pî / phî

(Teochew, Peng'im): bi⁵ / pi⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶bi
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bi²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pí
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pí
  - Wade–Giles: pʻi²
  - Yale: pí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyi
  - Palladius: пи (pi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pei⁴
  - Yale: pèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: péi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pì / phì
  - Hakka Romanization System: biˇ / piˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi² / pi²
  - Sinological IPA: /pi¹¹/, /pʰi¹¹/

Note:

pì - organ;
phì - “temperament”.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pî
  - Tâi-lô: pî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /pi²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phî
  - Tâi-lô: phî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰi¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /pʰi²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bi⁵ / pi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pî / phî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵⁵/, /pʰi⁵⁵/

Note: pi5 - used in 脾氣.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶bi
  - MiniDict: bi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: bi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi¹³/

Middle Chinese: bjie

Rime
Character	脾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符支切
Baxter	bjie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/biᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/biɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/bjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biə̆/
Li Rong	/bie/
Wang Li	/bǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pei⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[p]e/

(Zhengzhang): /*be/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pí
Middle Chinese	‹ bjie ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[p]e/
English	spleen
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脾
Reading #	1/1
No.	385
Phonetic component	卑
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	陴
Old Chinese	/*be/

Definitions edit

脾

(～臟) (traditional Chinese medicine) a functionally defined organ of the digestive system, corresponding largely to the anatomical organ of the pancreas
(～臟) (Western medicine, anatomy) spleen
(figurative) disposition; liking; temperament

Compounds edit

References edit

“脾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Etymology 2 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 脾 – see 髀 (“thigh; thighbone”). (This character is a variant form of 髀).

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

脾

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings edit

Go-on: び (bi)
Kan-on: ひ (hi)
Kun: ひぞう (hizō, 脾); もも (momo, 脾); とまる (tomaru)

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [jokoɕi]

Noun edit

脾(よこし) • (yokoshi)

(anatomy) spleen
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 2, page 35:
  脾白虎通云脾俾移反 與古之 [...] 土之精也色黄 [...] 土藏也 [...]
  脾白虎通云脾俾移反 與古之 [...] 土之精也色黄 [...] 土藏也 [...]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References edit

Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.