Chinese edit

 
from; self; oneself
from; self; oneself; since
 
follow; from; it is for...to
follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; by; to; to leave it (to sb)
simp. and trad.
(自由)
alternative forms 自繇
 
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Etymology edit

Attestable from at least the Han dynasty.

Pronunciation edit


Note: zu6 iu5 - Chaoyang.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (15) (36)
Final () (15) (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter dzijH yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ziɪH/ /jɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ziH/ /jiu/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡zjɪH/ /iəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ziH/ /juw/
Li
Rong
/d͡ziH/ /iu/
Wang
Li
/d͡ziH/ /jĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/d͡zʱiH/ /i̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yóu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi6 jau4

Adjective edit

自由

  1. free; unconstrained
    現在感覺自由 [MSC, trad.]
    现在感觉自由 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ xiànzài gǎnjiào hěn zìyóu. [Pinyin]
    I feel really free now.
    自由發表意見自由发表意见  ―  zìyóu fābiǎo yìjiàn  ―  to express one's views unreservedly
  2. (attributive) freelance
    自由職業自由职业  ―  zìyóu zhíyè  ―  freelancing
    自由插畫師自由插画师  ―  zìyóu chāhuàshī  ―  freelance illustrator

Noun edit

自由

  1. freedom; liberty
    言論自由言论自由  ―  yánlùn zìyóu  ―  freedom of speech
    婚姻自由  ―  hūnyīn zìyóu  ―  freedom of marriage
    宗教自由  ―  zōngjiào zìyóu  ―  freedom of religion
    出版自由  ―  chūbǎn zìyóu  ―  freedom of publication
    享有自由  ―  xiǎngyǒu zìyóu  ―  to enjoy freedom
  2. (philosophy) freedom

Antonyms edit

  • (philosophy: freedom): 必然 (bìrán)

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

  • Zhuang: swyouz

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
ゆう
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Etymology edit

/d͡ʑiːu//d͡ʑijuː/

Apparently first imported from Middle Chinese 自由 (MC dzijH yuw) with an original meaning of roughly “arising from oneself”. Repurposed in the 1860s by Fukuzawa Yukichi as a translation of English freedom or liberty, as an extension of the original meaning: “freedom to act according to one's own thoughts, without restriction”.[1][2]

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

()(ゆう) (jiyūじいう (ziiu)?-na (adnominal ()(ゆう) (jiyū na), adverbial ()(ゆう) (jiyū ni))

  1. free (as in freedom)
  2. flexible

Inflection edit

Noun edit

()(ゆう) (jiyūじいう (ziiu)?

  1. freedom, liberty
    ()(ゆう)ため(たたか)
    Jiyū no tame ni tatakau.
    We will fight for freedom.
    • 2002 July 18, “(だん)(あつ)される(たみ)”, in ユニオンの降臨 [Advent of the Union], Konami:
      いつの()()(ゆう)()にする(こと)ができると(しん)じて()()(せい)(かつ)()えている。
      Itsu no hi ka jiyū o te ni suru koto ga dekiru to shinjite hibi no seikatsu ni taeteiru.
      They endure every day of their lives, but they believe that they will have their freedom one day.
    • 2013 July 10, Revo (lyrics and music), “紅蓮の弓矢 [Crimson Bow and Arrow]”, in 自由への進撃 [March Towards Freedom]‎[1] (CD), performed by Linked Horizon:
      屍踏み越えて 進む意思を 嗤う豚よ
      家畜の安寧 …虚偽の繁栄 …死せる餓狼の『自由』を!
      Shikabane fumikoete susumu ishi o warau buta yo
      Kachiku no annei …kyogi no han'ei …shiseru garō no “jiyū” o!
      You pigs who sneer at our will to step over corpses and march onwards
      Enjoy the peace of livestock …false prosperity …the “freedom” of starving wolves!
    • 2016 January 22, “チャンドラの(ちか)”, in ゲートウォッチの誓い [Oath of the Gatewatch], Wizards of the Coast:
      それで(ひと)(びと)()(ゆう)()きられるのなら、そうね、ゲートウォッチになるわ。
      Sore de hitobito ga jiyū ni ikirareru no nara, sō ne, Gētowotchi ni naru wa.
      If it means that people can live in freedom, yeah, I’ll be one of the Gatewatch.
  2. (rare) demand (for goods or services)
  3. (euphemistic) a toilet, a restroom

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  1. ^ 1866: 西洋事情 (Seiyō Jijō, “Things Western”), Fukuzawa Yukichi, digital version (in Japanese), https://web.archive.org/web/20080613053020/http://project.lib.keio.ac.jp/dg_kul/fukuzawa_title.php?id=3
  2. ^ 2004: 「明治の日本が作り出した新しい言語」 (Meiji no Nihon ga Tsukuridashita Atarashii Gengo, “The New Language Created by Meiji Japan”), Takeshi Ozeki (in Japanese), http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/8702/1/hogaku0030301790.pdf, page 11 of the PDF.
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
  • Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998) 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  • 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja in this term

Noun edit

自由 (jayu) (hangeul 자유)

  1. Hanja form? of 자유 (freedom; liberty).

Kunigami edit

Kanji in this term
Grade: 2 Grade: 3

Noun edit

自由(ぢゆー) (jiyū

  1. freedom, liberty

Okinawan edit

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
ゆー
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Japanese 自由 (jiyū).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

()(ゆー) or 自由(じゆ) (jiyū or jiyu

  1. freedom, liberty
  2. as one expects

References edit

  • ジユー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun edit

自由

  1. chữ Hán form of tự do (freedom; liberty).

Zhuang edit

Noun edit

自由

  1. Sawndip form of swyouz