菌

菌	U+83CC, 菌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83CC

菌	U+2F9A2, 菌 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A2

← 菊
[U+2F9A1]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

菜 →
[U+2F9A3]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

菌 (radical 140, 艸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿田竹木 (TWHD), four-corner 4460₀, composition ⿱艹囷)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1037, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31156
Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3234, character 9
Unihan data for U+83CC

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		菌

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (囷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
菌	ɡonʔ, ɡrunʔ
麇	*krun
麕	*krun
囷	kʰrun, ɡrun
箘	kʰrun, ɡrunʔ
攈	*kuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡonʔ, *ɡrunʔ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 囷 (OC *kʰrun, *ɡrun).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-r(i/u)n (“mushroom; fungus”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jūn, jùn, jǔn (jun¹, jun⁴, jun³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣ, ㄐㄩㄣˋ, ㄐㄩㄣˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): kwan²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kun⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khún

(Teochew, Peng'im): kung²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: jūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ
  - Wade–Giles: chün¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiun
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyun
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: jùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chün⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
- (nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
  - Pinyin: jǔn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˇ
  - Wade–Giles: chün³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeun
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwan²
  - Yale: kwán
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰun²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
  - Tâi-lô: khún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quon
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kung²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ⁵²/

DefinitionsEdit

菌

general term for various kinds of organisms, including bacteria (細菌／细菌 (xìjūn)), fungus (真菌 (zhēnjūn)), etc.
抑菌 ― yìjūn ― to inhibit bacteria

有好多菌 [Cantonese] ― jau⁵ hou² do¹ kwan² [Jyutping] ― have lots of bacteria; be germy

Pronunciation 2Edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jùn (jun⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): kwan²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kun⁴
Min Dong (BUC): kūng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khún

(Teochew, Peng'im): kung²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chün⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwan²
  - Yale: kwán
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰun²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kūng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
  - Tâi-lô: khún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quon
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kung²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiuɪn^X/, /ɡʉɐn^X/

Rime
Character	菌	菌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	眞 (45)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	Chongniu III	III
Fanqie	渠殞切	求晚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiuɪn^X/	/ɡʉɐn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷᵚin^X/	/ɡʷiɐn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuen^X/	/ɡiuɐn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjin^X/	/guan^X/
Li Rong	/ɡjuĕn^X/	/ɡiuɐn^X/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕn^X/	/ɡĭwɐn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕn^X/	/gi̯wɐn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jùn	juàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwan⁶	gyun⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]runʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡonʔ/, /*ɡrunʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	菌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jùn
Middle Chinese	‹ gwin^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]runʔ/
English	mushroom
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菌	菌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10746	10752
Phonetic component	囷	囷
Rime group	元	文
Rime subdivision	3	2
Corresponding MC rime	𧯦	窘
Old Chinese	/*ɡonʔ/	/*ɡrunʔ/
Notes		原列軫韻

DefinitionsEdit

菌

mushroom
A surname.

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 菌

桿菌／杆菌 (gǎnjūn)
棒狀桿菌／棒状杆菌
殺菌／杀菌 (shājūn)
殺菌劑／杀菌剂
氯絲菌素／氯丝菌素
活性菌
淋菌 (lìnjūn)
滅菌／灭菌 (mièjūn)
無菌／无菌 (wújūn)
無菌室／无菌室
牙菌斑
球菌 (qiújūn)
瓢菌素
生菌
病原菌 (bìngyuánjūn)
病菌 (bìngjūn)
痢疾桿菌／痢疾杆菌
真菌 (zhēnjūn)
細菌／细菌 (xìjūn)
細菌學／细菌学 (xìjūnxué)
細菌武器／细菌武器
結核菌／结核菌
網傘菌／网伞菌
羊肚菌 (yángdǔjūn)
肉毒桿菌／肉毒杆菌 (ròudúgǎnjūn)
菌傘／菌伞
菌原體／菌原体
菌子 (jùnzi)
菌幕
菌托
菌柄
菌核

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

菌

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)^{←きん (kin, historical)}^{←くゐん (kwin, ancient)}
Kun: きのこ (kinoko, 菌)

CompoundsEdit

細菌(さいきん) (saikin): bacterium, germ
納豆菌(なっとうきん) (nattō kin): Bacillus subtilis var. natto

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

菌 • (gyun) (hangeul 균, revised gyun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, Yale kyun)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

菌: Hán Nôm readings: khuẩn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.