菌

菌 U+83CC, 菌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83CC ← 菋 [U+83CB] CJK Unified Ideographs 菍 → [U+83CD]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

菌 (radical 140, 艸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿田竹木 (TWHD), four-corner 4460₀, composition ⿱艹囷)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 1037, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31156
• Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3234, character 9
• Unihan data for U+83CC

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		菌

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (囷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
菌	*ɡonʔ, *ɡrunʔ
麇	*krun
麕	*krun
囷	*kʰrun, *ɡrun
箘	*kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ
攈	*kuns

Pronunciation 1Edit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jūn, jǔn (jun¹, jun³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣ, ㄐㄩㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan²
• Min Nan (POJ): khún

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: jūn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ
    • Wade–Giles: chün¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiun
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
      
  • (nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
    • Pinyin: jǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˇ
    • Wade–Giles: chün³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeun
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kwan²
    • Yale: kwán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen²
    • IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
    • Tâi-lô: khún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/

DefinitionsEdit

菌

1. general term for various kinds of organisms, including bacteria (細菌／细菌 (xìjūn)), fungus (真菌 (zhēnjūn)), etc.

Pronunciation 2Edit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jùn (jun⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan²
• Min Nan (POJ): khún

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: jùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
    • Wade–Giles: chün⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kwan²
    • Yale: kwán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen²
    • IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
    • Tâi-lô: khún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiuɪn^X/, /ɡʉɐn^X/▼

Rime
Character	菌	菌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	眞 (45)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	Chongniu III	III
Fanqie	渠殞切	求晚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiuɪnX/	/ɡʉɐnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷᵚinX/	/ɡʷiɐnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuenX/	/ɡiuɐnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjinX/	/guanX/
Li Rong	/ɡjuĕnX/	/ɡiuɐnX/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕnX/	/ɡĭwɐnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕnX/	/gi̯wɐnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jùn	juàn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]runʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡonʔ/, /*ɡrunʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	菌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jùn
Middle Chinese	‹ gwinX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]runʔ/
English	mushroom
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菌	菌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10746	10752
Phonetic component	囷	囷
Rime group	元	文
Rime subdivision	3	2
Corresponding MC rime	𧯦	窘
Old Chinese	/*ɡonʔ/	/*ɡrunʔ/
Notes		原列軫韻

DefinitionsEdit

菌

1. mushroom
2. A surname​.

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 菌

• 不孕真菌
• 乳酸菌 (rǔsuānjūn)
• 亮菌
• 低溫殺菌／低温杀菌
• 傘菌／伞菌
• 光合細菌／光合细菌
• 厭氣菌／厌气菌
• 厭氧菌／厌氧菌
• 噬人菌
• 噬菌體／噬菌体 (shìjūntǐ)
• 固氮菌
• 夏蟲朝菌／夏虫朝菌
• 大腸桿菌／大肠杆菌 (dàcháng gǎnjūn)
• 大腸菌／大肠菌
• 大腸菌類／大肠菌类
• 子囊菌
• 寄生菌
• 巴氏桿菌／巴氏杆菌
• 布氏桿菌／布氏杆菌
• 布魯氏菌／布鲁氏菌
• 帶菌／带菌
• 帶菌者／带菌者
• 弧菌
• 微菌 (wēijūn)
• 抗菌 (kàngjūn)
• 抗菌素 (kàngjūnsù)
• 抗菌藥／抗菌药
• 抗菌血清
• 披衣菌 (pīyījūn)
• 擔子菌／担子菌
• 朝菌
• 松菌 (sōngjūn)
• 根瘤菌

• 桿菌／杆菌 (gǎnjūn)
• 棒狀桿菌／棒状杆菌
• 殺菌／杀菌 (shājūn)
• 殺菌劑／杀菌剂
• 氯絲菌素／氯丝菌素
• 活性菌
• 淋菌 (lìnjūn)
• 滅菌／灭菌 (mièjūn)
• 無菌／无菌
• 無菌室／无菌室
• 牙菌斑
• 球菌 (qiújūn)
• 瓢菌素
• 生菌
• 病原菌 (bìngyuánjūn)
• 病菌 (bìngjūn)
• 痢疾桿菌／痢疾杆菌
• 真菌 (zhēnjūn)
• 細菌／细菌 (xìjūn)
• 細菌學／细菌学 (xìjūnxué)
• 細菌武器／细菌武器
• 結核菌／结核菌
• 網傘菌／网伞菌
• 羊肚菌 (yángdǔjūn)
• 肉毒桿菌／肉毒杆菌 (ròudúgǎnjūn)
• 菌傘／菌伞
• 菌原體／菌原体
• 菌子 (jùnzi)
• 菌幕
• 菌托
• 菌柄
• 菌核

• 菌根
• 菌桂
• 菌界
• 菌絲／菌丝 (jūnsī)
• 菌絲體／菌丝体 (jūnsītǐ)
• 菌肥
• 菌膠團／菌胶团
• 菌苗 (jūnmiáo)
• 菌落 (jūnluò)
• 菌蓋／菌盖
• 菌血症
• 菌血癥／菌血症
• 菌褶
• 菌質／菌质
• 菌陳蒿／菌陈蒿
• 菌類／菌类 (jūnlèi)
• 葡萄球菌 (pútáo qiújūn)
• 藻菌植物
• 螺旋菌
• 裂殖菌
• 輻射滅菌／辐射灭菌
• 酵母菌
• 鏈球菌／链球菌
• 雙球菌／双球菌
• 霍亂弧菌／霍乱弧菌
• 非病原菌
• 食菌
• 香菌
• 馬勃菌／马勃菌
• 黑黴菌／黑霉菌
• 黴菌／霉菌 (méijūn)
• 黴菌病／霉菌病

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

菌

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: ごん (gon)
• Kan’on: きん (kin, Jōyō)^{←きん (kin, historical)←くゐん (kwin, ancient)}
• Kun: きのこ (kinoko, 菌)

CompoundsEdit

• 細菌 (さいきん) (saikin): bacterium, germ
• 納 (なっ)豆 (とう)菌 (きん) (nattō kin): Bacillus subtilis var. natto

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

菌 • (gyun) (hangeul 균, revised gyun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, Yale kyun)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

菌 (khuẩn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.