菜花

Chinese edit

	dish (type of food); vegetables	flower; blossom; to spend flower; blossom; to spend; fancy pattern
trad. (菜花)	菜	花
simp. ^#(菜花)	菜	花
anagram	花菜

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): càihuā

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coi³ faa¹
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): coi⁴ fa¹
Jin (Wiktionary): cai³ hua¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhài-hoe / chhài-hoa
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵tshe-ho

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: càihuā
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: càihua
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻai⁴-hua¹
  - Yale: tsài-hwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsayhua
  - Palladius: цайхуа (cajxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: càihuār
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: càihuar
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻai⁴-hua¹-ʼrh
  - Yale: tsài-hwār
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsayhual
  - Palladius: цайхуар (cajxuar)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: coi³ faa¹
  - Yale: choi fā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi³ faa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: coi³ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ faː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: coi⁴ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoɪ⁵³ fa⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cai³ hua¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰai⁴⁵ xua¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhài-hoe
  - Tâi-lô: tshài-hue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhae'hoef
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /t͡sʰai¹²⁻⁴⁴ hue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhài-hoa
  - Tâi-lô: tshài-hua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhae'hoaf
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hua⁴⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵tshe-ho
  - MiniDict: tshe^去 ho
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshe-ho
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰe³³ ho⁴⁴/

Noun edit

菜花 (3)

菜花

rape flower
(by extension) flower found on leafy vegetables in general
cauliflower
(chiefly Taiwan) gonorrhea
(chiefly Taiwan) genital warts
- 菜花的治療以電燒或雷射爲主，治療要有除草般的耐心，發一次治療一次，漸漸就能痊癒。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]
  菜花的治疗以电烧或雷射为主，治疗要有除草般的耐心，发一次治疗一次，渐渐就能痊愈。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]
  From: 1995, 董漢欽, 《實用婦女醫學手冊》, section 24.5 菜花（尖形濕疣）, page 221
  Càihuā de zhìliáo yǐ diànshāo huò léishè wèizhǔ, zhìliáo yào yǒu chúcǎo bān de nàixīn, fā yīcì zhìliáo yīcì, jiànjiàn jiù néng quányù. [Pinyin]
  The main treatments for genital warts are electrocauterization and laser surgery. Treatment requires the patience of lawn mowing; every time you are infected, you just treat it, and you will gradually recover completely.
- 另外，常見的性傳染病－菜花（學名尖形濕疣），其致病原也是這種病毒，只是不同的亞型，因此曾染患菜花者，更應該特別注意每年需做子宮頸防癌抹片檢查。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]
  另外，常见的性传染病－菜花（学名尖形湿疣），其致病原也是这种病毒，只是不同的亚型，因此曾染患菜花者，更应该特别注意每年需做子宫颈防癌抹片检查。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]
  From: 2013 February, 邱婉昀, 子宮頸癌診斷與治療, in 《台中慈濟藥訊》 (The Buddhist Tzuchi Taichung General Hospital Drug Bulletin), volume 4, number 1, page 3
  Lìngwài, chángjiàn de xìngchuánrǎnbìng － càihuā (xuémíng jiānxíng shīyóu), qí zhìbìngyuán yě shì zhè zhǒng bìngdú, zhǐshì bùtóng de yàxíng, yīncǐ céng rǎnhuàn càihuā zhě, gèng yìnggāi tèbié zhùyì měi nián xū zuò zǐgōngjǐng fáng'ái mǒpiàn jiǎnchá. [Pinyin]
  Moreover, the infectious agent of a common STI—genital warts (whose technical name is condylomata acuminata)—is also this pathogen, except that it is a different subtype. Thus, people who have been infected with genital warts should pay more attention and need to do Pap smears annually for prevention of cervical cancer.
- 但是，使用保險套無法有效防止菜花（尖型濕疣）、泡疹的傳染！ [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]
  但是，使用保险套无法有效防止菜花（尖型湿疣）、泡疹的传染！ [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]
  From: 2014, 童寶玲, 生理篇, in 《女人20‧40‧60——健康動起來》, page 20
  Dànshì, shǐyòng bǎoxiǎntào wúfǎ yǒuxiào fángzhǐ càihuā (jiānxíng shīyóu), pàozhěn de chuánrǎn! [Pinyin]
  However, using condoms cannot prevent the transmission of genital warts (condylomata acuminata) and herpes!
(Kaohsiung and Tainan Hokkien) flowering garlic chives; garlic chive flowers (Allium tuberosum)

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 花椰菜 (“cauliflower”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		花椰菜, 菜花, 花菜
Taxonomic name		花椰菜
Mandarin	Beijing	菜花兒
	Taiwan	花椰菜
	Langfang	菜花兒
	Tangshan	菜花兒
	Cangzhou	菜花兒
	Baoding	菜花兒
	Shijiazhuang	菜花兒
	Daming	菜花兒
	Jinan	菜花兒
	Yinchuan	菜花
	Ürümqi	菜花兒
	Wuhan	花菜
	Chengdu	花菜
	Liuzhou	花菜
	Yangzhou	花菜
	Nanjing	花菜
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	花菜
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	花菜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	椰菜花, 菜花, 花菜
	Hong Kong	椰菜花
	Taishan	椰菜花
	Kaiping (Chikan)	椰菜花
	Dongguan	椰菜花
Gan	Pingxiang	花菜
Hakka	Meixian	花菜, 菜花, 椰菜花
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	椰菜花
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	花菜
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	椰菜, 花菜
	Yudu	花菜
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	花菜
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	花菜, 花菜仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	花菜
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	花菜
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	花菜
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	花菜
Jin	Taiyuan	菜花
	Hohhot	菜花兒
	Zhangjiakou	菜花兒
	Handan	菜花兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	芥藍花
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	花菜
Southern Min	Xiamen	菜花
	Quanzhou	菜花
	Anxi	菜花
	Zhangzhou	菜花
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	菜花
	Taipei	菜花
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	菜花
	Kaohsiung	花菜
	Yilan	菜花
	Changhua (Lukang)	花仔菜, 花菜
	Taichung	花菜, 菜花
	Taichung (Wuqi)	花仔菜
	Tainan	花仔菜, 花菜
	Taitung	花菜
	Hsinchu	花菜
	Kinmen	菜花
	Penghu (Magong)	菜花, 花菜
	Penang (Hokkien)	高麗菜花
	Singapore (Hokkien)	菜花, 高麗菜花
	Manila (Hokkien)	菜花
	Shantou	花菜
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	菜花
Puxian Min	Xianyou	菜花, 芥藍花
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	菜花
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	椰菜花
Wu	Shanghai	花菜
	Shanghai (Chongming)	花菜
	Hangzhou	花菜
	Ningbo	花菜
	Wenzhou	花菜
Xiang	Changsha	花菜

(gonorrhea): 淋病 (lìnbìng)
(flowering garlic chives): 韭菜花 (jiǔcàihuā); (Northern Min) 韭仔花

Derived terms edit

奶油菜花 (nǎiyóu càihuā)
綠菜花／绿菜花 (lǜcàihuā)

Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
菜	花
な Grade: 4	はな > ばな Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From 菜(な) (na) + 花(はな) (hana). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) なばな [náꜜbànà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [na̠ba̠na̠]

Noun edit

菜(な)花(ばな) • (nabana) ^{←なばな (nabana)^?}

rape blossom, the flowers or other edible parts of Brassica rapa and related species

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
菜	花
な Grade: 4	はな Grade: 1
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 菜花 – see the following entry.

【菜なの花はな】

[noun] (botany) rapeseed, Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera

[noun] the flowers, leaves, or stems of various Brassica species used for food

(This term, 菜花, is an alternative spelling (obsolete) of the above term.)

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
菜	花

Noun edit

菜花 • (chaehwa) (hangeul 채화)

Hanja form^? of 채화.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK7-2] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]