See also: and
U+881F, 蠟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-881F

[U+881E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8820]
U+F927, 蠟
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F927

[U+F926]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F928]

Translingual edit

Traditional
Shinjitai
(extended)
Simplified

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 142, +15, 21 strokes, cangjie input 中戈女女女 (LIVVV), four-corner 52116, composition )

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1101, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33786
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1565, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2903, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+881F

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. *

Glyph origin edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *raːb): semantic (insect) + phonetic (OC *rab).

Etymology edit

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-krjap (bug; ant; insect (lac); cochineal); cognate with Burmese ချိပ် (hkyip, lac), Proto-Loloish *C-gripᴸ (lac; pine), Jingpho krep (bedbug), Proto-Kiranti *khrep (bug; ant) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

However, this word is not attested until the 2nd to 3rd century (Ferlus, 2012b) (earliest attested in Comments of a Recluse (潛夫論) by Wang Fu (王符)). It may instead be a borrowing from Proto-Vietic *k-raːp (wax) (Ferlus, 2012; Jacques, 2016b).

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • la̍h - vernacular;
  • la̍p - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (37)
    Final () (144)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter lap
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /lɑp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /lɑp̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /lɑp̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /lap̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /lɑp̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /lɑp̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /lɑp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    laap6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ lap ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*k.rˁap/ (no pre-Qín exx.)
    English wax

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8144
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*raːb/

    Definitions edit

    1. wax
    2. candle (Classifier: m;  m)
    3. light yellow

    Synonyms edit

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (ろう) (, wax)
    • Korean: 납(蠟) (nap, wax)

    Others:

    • Mongolian: лаа (laa, candle), лав (lav, wax)
    • ? Proto-Vietic: *k-raːp (wax)
      • Vietnamese: sáp (wax; candle)
    • Zhuang: lab (candle)

    Japanese edit

    Shinjitai
    (extended)

    Kyūjitai

    Kanji edit

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for nameskyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

    1. wax
    2. candle
    3. waxy
    4. glazed

    Readings edit

    Definitions edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    H
    [kanji] Hyōgaiji kanji
    [kanji] Extended shinjitai form of : wax; candle; waxy; glazed
    Kanji reading:
    ろう
    (This term, , is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC lap).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 랍〮 (Yale: láp)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 밀〯 (Yale: mǐl) 랍〮 (Yale: láp)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (mil rap), South Korea (mil nap))

    1. Hanja form? of / (wax).
    2. Hanja form? of / (candle).

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: rệp, lạp, sáp

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References edit

    • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
    • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
    • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999