貧弱
(Redirected from 貧弱な)
See also: 贫弱
Chinese
editpoor | weak; feeble; young weak; feeble; young; inferior | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (貧弱) | 貧 | 弱 | |
simp. (贫弱) | 贫 | 弱 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄖㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pínruò
- Wade–Giles: pʻin2-jo4
- Yale: pín-rwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pynruoh
- Palladius: пиньжо (pinʹžo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰin³⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: pan4 joek6
- Yale: pàhn yeuhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: pan4 joek9
- Guangdong Romanization: pen4 yêg6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɐn²¹ jœːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Adjective
edit貧弱
- poor and weak; impoverished and decrepit
Japanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
貧 | 弱 |
ひん Grade: 5 |
じゃく Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
Etymology
editProbably from Middle Chinese compound 貧弱 (MC bin nyak, literally “poor + weak”). Compare modern Mandarin 貧弱/贫弱 (pínruò, “poor and weak”).
Alternatively, may have been coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements 貧 (hin, “poor”) + 弱 (jaku, “weak”).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
edit貧弱 • (hinjaku) ←ひんじやく (finzyaku)?-na (adnominal 貧弱な (hinjaku na), adverbial 貧弱に (hinjaku ni))
Inflection
editInflection of 貧弱
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 貧弱だろ | ひんじゃくだろ | hinjaku daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 貧弱で | ひんじゃくで | hinjaku de |
Terminal (終止形) | 貧弱だ | ひんじゃくだ | hinjaku da |
Attributive (連体形) | 貧弱な | ひんじゃくな | hinjaku na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 貧弱なら | ひんじゃくなら | hinjaku nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 貧弱であれ | ひんじゃくであれ | hinjaku de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 貧弱ではない 貧弱じゃない |
ひんじゃくではない ひんじゃくじゃない |
hinjaku de wa nai hinjaku ja nai |
Informal past | 貧弱だった | ひんじゃくだった | hinjaku datta |
Informal negative past | 貧弱ではなかった 貧弱じゃなかった |
ひんじゃくではなかった ひんじゃくじゃなかった |
hinjaku de wa nakatta hinjaku ja nakatta |
Formal | 貧弱です | ひんじゃくです | hinjaku desu |
Formal negative | 貧弱ではありません 貧弱じゃありません |
ひんじゃくではありません ひんじゃくじゃありません |
hinjaku de wa arimasen hinjaku ja arimasen |
Formal past | 貧弱でした | ひんじゃくでした | hinjaku deshita |
Formal negative past | 貧弱ではありませんでした 貧弱じゃありませんでした |
ひんじゃくではありませんでした ひんじゃくじゃありませんでした |
hinjaku de wa arimasen deshita hinjaku ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 貧弱で | ひんじゃくで | hinjaku de |
Conditional | 貧弱なら(ば) | ひんじゃくなら(ば) | hinjaku nara (ba) |
Provisional | 貧弱だったら | ひんじゃくだったら | hinjaku dattara |
Volitional | 貧弱だろう | ひんじゃくだろう | hinjaku darō |
Adverbial | 貧弱に | ひんじゃくに | hinjaku ni |
Degree | 貧弱さ | ひんじゃくさ | hinjakusa |
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 貧弱なら | ひんじゃくなら | finzyakunara | |
Continuative (連用形) | 貧弱に[1] 貧弱なり[2] |
ひんじゃくに ひんじゃくなり |
finzyakuni finzyakunari | |
Terminal (終止形) | 貧弱なり | ひんじゃくなり | finzyakunari | |
Attributive (連体形) | 貧弱なる | ひんじゃくなる | finzyakunaru | |
Realis (已然形) | 貧弱なれ | ひんじゃくなれ | finzyakunare | |
Imperative (命令形) | 貧弱なれ | ひんじゃくなれ | finzyakunare | |
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | 貧弱ならず | ひんじゃくならず | finzyakunarazu | |
Contrasting conjunction | 貧弱なれど | ひんじゃくなれど | finzyakunaredo | |
Causal conjunction | 貧弱なれば | ひんじゃくなれば | finzyakunareba | |
Conditional conjunction | 貧弱ならば | ひんじゃくならば | finzyakunaraba | |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 貧弱なりき | ひんじゃくなりき | finzyakunariki | |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 貧弱なりけり | ひんじゃくなりけり | finzyakunarikeri | |
Adverbial | 貧弱に | ひんじゃくに | finzyakuni | |
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. |
Antonyms
editNoun
edit貧弱 • (hinjaku) ←ひんじやく (finzyaku)?
References
edit- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
editHanja in this term | |
---|---|
貧 | 弱 |
Noun
edit- hanja form? of 빈약 (“poorness; meagreness”)
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 貧
- Chinese terms spelled with 弱
- Japanese terms spelled with 貧 read as ひん
- Japanese terms spelled with 弱 read as じゃく
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
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- Japanese nouns
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